Adolescents’ Experiences of Victimization: The Role of Attribution Style and Generalized Trust

Betts, Lucy R.; Houston, James E.; Steer, Oonagh L.; Gardner, Sarah E.

doi:10.1080/15388220.2015.1100117

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Recent research shows that perceiving one has control over one's life is associated with decreasing levels of cynicism (Stavrova & Ehlebracht, 2018b). Drawing from research on coping with peer victimization (Betts, Houston, Steer, & Gardner, 2017;Kochenderfer-Ladd & Skinner, 2002), it may be that perceptions of personal control can prevent sliding into cynicism as a reaction to perceived disrespect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victims, Perpetrators, or Both? The Vicious Cycle of Disrespect and Cynical Beliefs about Human Nature

Stavrova¹,

Ehlebracht²,

Vohs³

2020

Preprint

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We tested how cynicism emerges and what maintains it. Cynicism is the tendency to believe that people are morally bankrupt and behave treacherously in order to maximize self-interest. Drawing on literatures on norms of respectful treatment, we proposed that being the target of disrespect gives rise to cynical views, which predisposes people to further disrespect. The end result is a vicious cycle: cynicism and disrespect fuel one another. Study 1’s nationally-representative survey showed that disrespect and cynicism are positively related to each other in 28 of 29 countries studied, and that cynicism’s associations with disrespect were independent of (and stronger than) associations with lacking social support. Study 2 used a nationally-representative longitudinal dataset, spanning 4 years. In line with the vicious cycle hypothesis, feeling disrespected and holding cynical views gave rise to each other over time. Five preregistered experiments (including two in the supplementary materials) provided causal evidence. Study 3 showed that bringing to mind previous experiences of being disrespected heightened cynical beliefs subsequently. Studies 4 and 5 showed that to the extent that people endorsed cynical beliefs, others were inclined to treat them disrespectfully. Study 6’s weeklong daily-diary study replicated the vicious cycle pattern. Everyday experiences of disrespect elevated cynical beliefs and vice versa. Moreover, cynical individuals tended to treat others with disrespect, which in turn predicted more disrespectful treatment by others. In short, experiencing disrespect gives rise to cynicism and cynicism elicits disrespect from others, thereby reinforcing the worldview that caused these negative reactions in the first place.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victims, Perpetrators, or Both? The Vicious Cycle of Disrespect and Cynical Beliefs about Human Nature

Stavrova¹,

Ehlebracht²,

Vohs³

2020

Preprint

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“…Scores in each domain range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater interpersonal trust. Reliability and validity have been supported among pre‐adolescents (Rotenberg et al., , ) and adolescents (Betts, Houston, Steer, & Gardner, ). Internal consistency in the present sample was α = .70 for reliability, .64 for emotional trust, .66 for honesty, and .82 for the overall 24‐item scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interpersonal Trust and Suicide Ideation Among Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients: An Indirect Effect via Perceived Burdensomeness

Hill

Penner

Vanwoerden

et al. 2018

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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The identification of theoretically and empirically supported correlates of suicide ideation is important to improve treatment approaches to suicide. This study sought to examine the association between interpersonal trust (theoretically conceptualized as a distal risk marker) and suicide ideation in adolescence. Specifically, it was hypothesized that interpersonal trust would be negatively associated with suicide ideation via perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness (conceptualized as more proximal risk markers). Data were drawn from a cross-sectional sample of 387 adolescent inpatients between the ages of 12 and 17 years (M = 14.72, SD = 1.49). The sample was 63.6% female, 37.5% Hispanic, 26.9% African American/Black, and 25.8% Caucasian. Adolescents completed a series of self-report measures to assess thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, interpersonal trust, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation. A structural equation model was fit to the data, and results demonstrated a significant indirect path from interpersonal trust to suicide ideation via perceived burdensomeness, but not thwarted belongingness. Results suggest that interpersonal trust may be a distal risk marker for suicide ideation and that interventions to increase interpersonal trust may help prevent the development of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicide ideation.

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“…Previous studies have also found a negative association between trust and depression (Kim et al, 2012;Betts et al, 2017). Specifically, lower interpersonal trust increased the incidence of depression (Kim et al, 2012;Frank et al, 2014;Betts et al, 2017), whereas higher interpersonal trust (as a component of social capital) buffered the effects of financial stress on depression (Frank et al, 2014). Moreover, individuals with higher interpersonal trust had better psychosocial adjustment (Lester and Gatto, 1990;Rotenberg et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Self-Esteem and Problematic Smartphone Use Among Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model of Depression and Interpersonal Trust

Liu

Dong

2019

Front. Psychol.

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Research has found that self-esteem is negatively associated with problematic smartphone use (PSU). However, the internal mechanisms underlying that relationship need further investigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of depression and interpersonal trust in the relationship between self-esteem and PSU among adolescents. A questionnaire comprised of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Inclusive General Trust Scale (IGTS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and personal questions was administered to 637 students (female = 355) at two middle schools in Shanghai, China. Correlation analyses, mediation analysis, and moderated mediation analysis were performed. A moderated mediation model was established, which revealed: (1) a significant negative association between self-esteem and PSU, (2) depression mediated the relationship between self-esteem and PSU, and (3) the influence of depression on the relationship between self-esteem and PSU was moderated by interpersonal trust. The results indicated that low self-esteem was a risk factor, and interpersonal trust was a moderating factor for PSU among adolescents in the sample. Building adolescents' self-esteem and increasing their interpersonal trust might decrease their PSU.

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Adolescents’ Experiences of Victimization: The Role of Attribution Style and Generalized Trust

Abstract: Ph +44 (0) 115 848 5558

Cited by 24 publications

References 91 publications

Victims, Perpetrators, or Both? The Vicious Cycle of Disrespect and Cynical Beliefs about Human Nature

Victims, Perpetrators, or Both? The Vicious Cycle of Disrespect and Cynical Beliefs about Human Nature

Interpersonal Trust and Suicide Ideation Among Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients: An Indirect Effect via Perceived Burdensomeness

Self-Esteem and Problematic Smartphone Use Among Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model of Depression and Interpersonal Trust

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