Adoptive neoantigen-reactive T cell therapy: improvement strategies and current clinical researches

Abstract

Neoantigens generated by non-synonymous mutations of tumor genes can induce activation of neoantigen-reactive T (NRT) cells which have the ability to resist the growth of tumors expressing specific neoantigens. Immunotherapy based on NRT cells has made preeminent achievements in melanoma and other solid tumors. The process of manufacturing NRT cells includes identification of neoantigens, preparation of neoantigen expression vectors or peptides, induction and activation of NRT cells, and analysis of functions and phenotypes. Numerous improvement strategies have been proposed to enhance the potency of NRT cells by engineering TCR, promoting infiltration of T cells and overcoming immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we outline the improvement of the preparation and the function assessment of NRT cells, and discuss the current status of clinical trials related to NRT cell immunotherapy.

Comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and safety of CAR T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Recent advancements in immunotherapy utilizing neoantigen-reactive T-cells (NRT cells) also have achieved notable success in treating melanoma and various solid tumours. Neoantigens, resulting from non-synonymous mutations in tumour genes, can trigger the activation of neoantigen-reactive T-cells (NRT), demonstrating the capability to impede the growth of tumours expressing specific neoantigens [ 68 ]. Furthermore, investigations are warranted to assess the potential of employing NRT cells in the treatment of haematologic malignancies.…”

A future directions of renal cell carcinoma treatment: combination of immune checkpoint inhibition and carbon ion radiotherapy

“…This approach has significantly improved the current status of cancer treatment ( 40 ). Current immunotherapeutic strategies mainly include ICIs, adoptive T cell therapy, and cancer vaccines ( 41 ). Immune checkpoints refer to a set of negative regulatory molecules owned by immune cells.…”

Immunogenic cell death related mRNAs associated signature to predict immunotherapeutic response in osteosarcoma

“…Novel nanomaterial-based antitumor drugs have shown extremely high targeting properties unlike highly toxic chemotherapeutic drugs [ 18 ]. Immunotherapies based on neoantigen-reactive T-cell function also show promising prospects in solid tumors [ 19 ]. To rescuing the immune response to tumor cells, various strategies including dendritic cell vaccine [ 20 ], chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy [ 21 ], and immune checkpoint inhibitors [ 22 , 23 ] have been developed and some have been under clinical trials in osteosarcoma patients [ 24 ].…”