ADRENAL AND HYPOPHYSEAL INFLUENCES UPON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE GOLD (AU<sup>198</sup>) BY THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM1

Reichard, Sherwood M.; Edelmann, Abraham; Gordon, Albert S.

doi:10.1210/endo-59-1-55

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Thus, it has been demonstrated that stable colloids (53), lightly opsonized bacteria (54), and red cells lightly sensitized with antibody (31) are sequestered relatively slowly, principally by the spleen; unstable colloids, more intensely opsonized bacteria, and more heavily sensitized red cells are sequestered relatively rapidly, primarily by the liver. It has been reported that adrenocortical steroids impede phagocytosis in general (55)(56)(57)(58) and phagocytosis by Kupffer cells in particular (59), although other investigators have denied such effects (60)(61)(62)(63)(64). Consequently, basic disagreement still exists whether steroids affect the clearance from the blood of intravenously injected bacteria or colloids (65)(66)(67)(68).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Red Cell Sequestration by Cortisone

Kaplan

Jandl

1961

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The effect of cortisone on the sequestration of (a) antibody-coated red cells and (b) incubated red cells was studied in rats. Cortisone administration inhibited the hepatic sequestration of red cells altered by non-immune as well as by immune injury. There was a latent period of 2 days between the institution of cortisone therapy and its first manifest effect on hepatic sequestration. The splenic sequestration of altered red cells was not inhibited by cortisone, and there was no inhibition of the sequestration of hemoglobin by either liver or spleen. It is suggested that steroids may inhibit hepatic sequestration through hemodynamic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Red Cell Sequestration by Cortisone

Kaplan

Jandl

1961

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…The tolerance to endotoxic effects that develops after initial exposure has been explained on the basis of increased phagocytic activity of the RES. It must be noted, however, that we have not measured the clearance of endotoxin itself, and it has been demonstrated that an experimental procedure that results in depression of clearance for one colloid may increase the rate of clearance of another (30). Further, it has recently been suggested that the stimulatory effect upon phagocytosis produced by serum from endotoxin-treated animals (19) is attributable to increased opsonic activity of such serum and that there may be a variety of such opsonins (31).…”

Section: Stimulation Of Pkagocytic Activity--ymmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dissociation of the Biological Properties of Bacterial Endotoxin by Chemical Modification of the Molecule

Freedman

Sultzer

1962

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Interest in the bacterial endotoxins arises, not only from their specific antigenicity and from the phenomenon of tolerance, but, equally, from the remarkable ability of these pyrogenic and highly toxic complexes to stimulate, at microgram doses, substantial refractoriness to a variety of ordinarily lethal insults.Endotoxin treatment has been shown to protect against the consequences of infection with Gram-negative, Gram-positive, or acid-fast bacteria (1-4), and to promote resistance to the lethality of hemorrhagic or traumatic shock (5-7) or wholebody x-irradiation (8, 9). Despite their wide spectrum of activities (10, 11), no unequivocal evidence for experimental dissociation of the in ~ivo non-specific properties of endotoxins by chemical modification of the molecule has been reported.The presence of lipid, carbohydrate, and, usually, protein moieties within the endotoxin molecule has encouraged hydrolytic approaches designed to recover one or another of these components. Hydrolysis with acid or base leads to destruction of all in ~ivo activities, but, where active material has been recovered following hydrolysis, the whole range of properties, toxic and protective, has been present. This is perhaps best illustrated by the current difference of opinion on the role of the lipid component (12, 13). To avoid hydrolytic or oxidative alterations, studies on the chemical modification of endotoxin were undertaken using reactions resulting in substitution at functional groups known to be present in the molecule. This and the following paper (14) describe the acylation of endotoxin, with recovery of a fraction exhibiting in the gross reduced pyrogenicity and lethality but retaining the ability to stimulate so-called non-specific host resistance to infection. A preliminary report of our findings has been published (15). While our manuscripts were in preparation, Noll and Braude (16) reported the detoxification of endotoxin by reductive cleavage of ester bonds yielding a preparation of high immunogenic potency, which, unlike our preparation, confers tolerance to the parent endotoxin. Materials and MethodsChemicaL--Several endotoxin preparations have been used as starting materials for a variety of substitution reactions. This and the following report (14) describe results obtained with wcetylafion of a Boivin-type endotoxin derived from Salmonella typhosa 0-901 (Difco 929 on

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“…On the other hand, other factors such as pre-existing disease may contribute lo I lie production of hepatic carcinoma in humans who have been injected with colloidal thorium dioxide. Hormonal factors may influence the distribution and the effects of thorium dioxide (13,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant Vascular Tumors in Rabbits Injected Intravenously with Colloidal Thorium Dioxide

Swarm¹,

Miller²,

Michelitch³

1962

Pathobiology

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ADRENAL AND HYPOPHYSEAL INFLUENCES UPON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE GOLD (AU¹⁹⁸) BY THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM1

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Inhibition of Red Cell Sequestration by Cortisone

Inhibition of Red Cell Sequestration by Cortisone

Dissociation of the Biological Properties of Bacterial Endotoxin by Chemical Modification of the Molecule

Malignant Vascular Tumors in Rabbits Injected Intravenously with Colloidal Thorium Dioxide

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ADRENAL AND HYPOPHYSEAL INFLUENCES UPON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE GOLD (AU198) BY THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM1

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Inhibition of Red Cell Sequestration by Cortisone

Inhibition of Red Cell Sequestration by Cortisone

Dissociation of the Biological Properties of Bacterial Endotoxin by Chemical Modification of the Molecule

Malignant Vascular Tumors in Rabbits Injected Intravenously with Colloidal Thorium Dioxide

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Product

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ADRENAL AND HYPOPHYSEAL INFLUENCES UPON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE GOLD (AU¹⁹⁸) BY THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM1