Adrenal and Thyroid Weights in Birds

Hartman, Frank A.; Brownell, Katharine A.

doi:10.2307/4082278

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The size of the eyes of owls is proportional to the size of the body [Murphy and Howland, 1983], a fact confirmed in the present study except for the barn owl ( fig.¤2), a bird weighing 510.0 g [Ricklefs, 1973], whose eyes are nevertheless smaller than those of the burrowing owl, which weighs only 124.0¤±¤18.2 g [Hartman and Brownell, 1961]. Despite being relatively small, the eye of the barn owl has the tubular form typical of other owls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

An Additional Bone in the Sclera of the Eyes of Owls and the Common Potoo <i>(Nictibius griseus)</i> and Its Role in the Contraction of the Nictitating Membrane

Mahecha

Oliveira

1998

Cells Tissues Organs

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Morphometric, anatomical and histological examinations were made in 10 species of owls of the families Tytonidae and Strigidae and compared with the eyes of other species of nocturnal birds including common potoo (Nictibiidae) and three species of nightjars (Caprimulgidae) and two diurnal species: the roadside hawk (Accipitridae) and the domestic duck (Anatidae). In owls and the common potoo the nictitating membrane is situated on the dorsal edge of the eye. In these birds, the scleral ring bears an additional, previously undescribed bone of various forms and dimensions (1.4–6.8 mm of length and 0.8–3.3 mm of width), located on the trajectory of the tendon of the pyramidal muscle which is attached to the nictitating membrane. This bone has a groove that encloses the tendon of the pyramidal muscle, preventing it from separating from the sclera during contraction, as well as diverting the trajectory of the tendon to impede it from projecting itself over the cornea. In the ferruginous pygmy owl, Nacunda nighthawk, Pauraque, scissor-tailed nightjar, roadside hawk and domestic duck the additional bone was not seen. Based on the morphofunctional characteristics of the bone, we suggest that this bone should be named the scleral sesamoid bone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

An Additional Bone in the Sclera of the Eyes of Owls and the Common Potoo <i>(Nictibius griseus)</i> and Its Role in the Contraction of the Nictitating Membrane

Mahecha

Oliveira

1998

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…Dwight (1900) (Wetherbee, 1934), 15.88 (Stewart, 1937), and 18.5 ±2.49 (Hartman, 1946). G. B. Becker and J. W. Stack (1944) give the average temperature of two birds as 110.2°F.…”

Section: Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Histories of North American Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Buntings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows, and Allies

Bent¹,

Austin²

1968

Bulletin of the United States National Museum

150

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The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume.In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. when we moved to the heart of their winter range in Oklahoma.Although they migrate through the plains states in enormous numbers and have been banded by the thousands in spring and fall, they are still birds of mystery. Only a handful have been studied through a winter, and none over a period of years. Perhaps it was a designing fate, certainly a happy coincidence, that led us after several years in town, to establish our permanent home on an acreage near Stillwater where Harris' sparrows shared our lawn and picnic place, our weedy chicken yard, and the brushy ravine that wound through our little pasture.These birds of mystery became our closest neighbors, constant guests at our winter feeding trays, and regular visitors to our banding traps.From its earliest history Harris' Sparrow has been surrounded by an aura of excitement and drama. Because its distribution is restricted to the center of the continent, not until 1834 did the eager eyes of science view it for the first time. Harry Harris (1919) The summer home of the Harris' sparrow remained mere conjecture until Edward A. Preble (1902) found it breeding at Churchill. Preble (1908b) also found it in 1903 along the eastern shore of Great Bear Lake "in a habitat precisely similar to its chosen nesting ground on Hudson Bay. All indications therefore point to the conclusion that its principal breeding grounds are in the strip of stunted timber extending for 800 miles between Hudson Bay and Great Bear Lake, along the northern border of the transcontinental forest." Ernest Thompson Seton (1908) (Youngworth, 1959). Then occurs a pause first noted by Cooke (1913) before the birds move on into the Dakotas and Minnesota in late April and May (Swenk and Stevens, 1929 Repeat records at banding stations (Swenk and Stevens, 1929) show that individuals may remain at given stopovers from 1 to 5 days during spring migration, averaging 1.5 days. In fall the periods are considerably longer, averaging 7 or 8 days, sometimes a month.The speed at which Harris' During late May and early June they saw numbers of birds daily on the barrens along the river, several miles from spruce timber; these they subsequently termed migrants on their way to more northwesterly regions. Of the nesting habitat at timberline they write: 'We found the birds most common at the edges of the woodlands, in clearings near the railway track, and in the bushy margins of burned-over areas. As a rule but one pair of birds lived in a given patch of spruces or tamaracks;...

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“…Chan and Phillips (1973c) found (Lorticosterone production vitro to vary seasonally in the herring gull. Other investigators using adrenal weights found seasonal differences in adrenal weight in the herring gull (Hartman, 1946), the mallard (Hohn et al, 1965) and the pheasant (Anderson,197 2).…”

Section: Adrenal Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Hartman and associates described the adrenal glands of hundreds of wild bird species (Hartman, 1946;Hartman et al, 1947 ;Hartman and Brownell, 1949;Hartman and Albertin, 1951;Knouff and Hartman, 1951). Later Flickinger (1959) described the gland in quail while Balding (1967) described to a limited extent the pheasant adrenal.…”

Section: Adrenal Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Handling and field stress in a transplanted F1 ring-necked pheasant population as determined by corticosterone levels in plasma and adrenal glands

Goetz

Charles²

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Adrenal and Thyroid Weights in Birds

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

An Additional Bone in the Sclera of the Eyes of Owls and the Common Potoo <i>(Nictibius griseus)</i> and Its Role in the Contraction of the Nictitating Membrane

An Additional Bone in the Sclera of the Eyes of Owls and the Common Potoo <i>(Nictibius griseus)</i> and Its Role in the Contraction of the Nictitating Membrane

Life Histories of North American Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Buntings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows, and Allies

Handling and field stress in a transplanted F1 ring-necked pheasant population as determined by corticosterone levels in plasma and adrenal glands

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