Adrenal Androgens in Obese Boys before and after Weight Loss

Pintor, C.; Loche, Sandro; Faedda, A.; Fanni, Victor Silvestre Soares; Nurchi, Anna Maria; Corda, R.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1014845

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our study provides data for prepubertal girls and boys over a broad range of body weight, to demonstrate that adrenal androgens increase with adiposity, as assessed by BMI SDS. Previous studies merely included selected cohorts of girls with a specific range of age and weight (1, 32), or of boys (2). The present study provides a methodological advantage in so far as it is the first to measure free leptin in children, which is more accurately correlated with fat tissue than total leptin (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Associations between body mass, leptin, IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature adrenarche

l’Allemand

Schmidt

Rousson

et al. 2002

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: To explain why adrenal androgens rise with increasing adiposity during childhood, the role of body mass index (BMI), leptin and IGF-I was studied. We also tested whether these parameters contribute to inducing premature adrenarche (PA). Design: In a cross-sectional study, 26 prepubertal obese children were compared with a group of 26 prepubertal children of normal weight, and 30 children under observation for PA were compared with 30 healthy children, matched for gender, bone age and BMI. Methods: Relative contributions of BMI standard deviation scores (SDS) and height SDS, as well as unbound leptin and IGF-I, to the levels of androgens, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and D4-androstenedione (AD) were investigated by means of stepwise regression models. Logarithms of all hormones were standardised for age using residuals of a simple regression analysis, labelled by the suffix ' res '. Results: In the obese children, height SDS, IGF-I res, DHEAS res (all P , 0:05), leptin res ðP , 0:01Þ; and AD res ðP ¼ 0:07Þ were higher than in the controls, and covariates were correlated with each other (leptin res versus BMI SDS r ¼ 0:71; IGF-I res versus height SDS r ¼ 0:61). In the stepwise regression analysis of control and obese children, BMI SDS explained 26% and leptin res explained 12% of the variability of DHEAS res , but this percentage remained at 26% when both variables were simultaneously introduced into the model. In contrast, IGF-I res and BMI SDS alone each accounted for 15% of the variability of AD, and their joint influence accumulated to explain 28% of the variability of AD res . In PA, neither BMI SDS nor leptin res were correlated with the increased androgens. Conclusion: Before the onset of gonadal activity in obese and control children, DHEAS levels, to some extent, are explained by BMI and leptin, while IGF-I in addition to BMI in part accounts for AD levels. Enhanced adrenal androgen secretion in children with PA, however, may be explained by parameters other than leptin or BMI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Associations between body mass, leptin, IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature adrenarche

l’Allemand

Schmidt

Rousson

et al. 2002

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Given that DHEA-S levels are elevated in obese children (Pintor et al 1984, Reinehr et al 2005, it is possible that individual differences in body mass index in bonobos contribute to differences in DHEA-S levels.…”

Section: Adrenarche In Bonobosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenarche in bonobos (Pan paniscus): evidence from ontogenetic changes in urinary dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels

Behringer¹,

Hohmann²,

Stevens³

et al. 2012

Journal of Endocrinology

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Adrenarche is characterized by the onset of adrenal secretions of increasing amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S). While the function of adrenarche remains a matter of speculation, evidence suggests that the morphological and physiological changes related to it are restricted to humans and closely related primates. Within the primate order, adrenarche has been described only in humans and chimpanzees, but bonobos, the sister species of chimpanzees, have not yet been studied regarding the early ontogenetic changes such as adrenarche. While bonobos and chimpanzees share many morphological and behavioral characteristics, they differ in a number of behavioral traits, and there is a growing interest in terms of the physiological differences that can be linked to species-specific patterns of social behavior. In this study, we measured urinary DHEA-S levels to determine whether bonobos experience physiological changes that are indicative of adrenarche. We measured DHEA-S in urine using ELISA and analyzed its levels in the samples from 53 bonobos aged 1-18 years. Our results show that bonobos experience an increase in DHEA-S levels after 5 years of age, which is comparable with the patterns observed in humans and chimpanzees. This indicates that bonobos do undergo adrenarche and that the timing of onset is similar to that of the two Pan species. The extraction procedures described in this report demonstrate the use of urine for monitoring ontogenetic changes in DHEA-S excretion. If applicable to other species, the technique would facilitate more research on the evolutionary origin of adrenarche and other developmental processes.

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“…Because of the central role of the HPA axis in the body's homeostasis, primary importance has been attributed to HPA axis hyperactivity in the development of other obesity-related endocrine abnormalities (17). In addition, adrenal androgens are elevated in obese children and have been associated with early pubertal development in these children (18)(19)(20)(21). Data on adrenal androgens in adults are inconclusive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human adipocytes secrete mineralocorticoid-releasing factors

Ehrhart‐Bornstein

Lamounier-Zepter²,

Schraven³

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

419

261

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Obesity has become an epidemic problem in western societies, contributing to metabolic diseases, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Overweight and obesity are frequently associated with increased plasma levels of aldosterone. Recent evidence suggests that human fat is a highly active endocrine tissue. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that adipocyte secretory products directly stimulate adrenocortical aldosterone secretion. Secretory products from isolated human adipocytes strongly stimulated steroidogenesis in human adrenocortical cells (NCI-H295R) with a predominant effect on mineralocorticoid secretion. Aldosterone secretion increased 7-fold during 24 h of incubation. This stimulation was comparable to maximal stimulation of these cells with forskolin (2 ؋ 10 ؊5 M). On the molecular level, there was a 10-fold increase in the expression of steroid acute regulatory peptide mRNA. This effect was independent of adipose angiotensin II as revealed by the stimulatory effect of fat cell-conditioned medium even in the presence of the angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist, valsartan. None of the recently defined adipocytokines accounted for the effect. Mineralocorticoid-stimulating activity was heat sensitive and could be blunted by heating fat cell-conditioned medium to 99°C. Centrifugal filtration based on molecular mass revealed at least two releasing factors: a heat sensitive fraction (molecular mass >50 kDa) representing 60% of total activity, and an inactive fraction (molecular mass <50 kDa). However, the recovery rate increased to 92% when combining these two fractions, indicating the interaction of at least two factors. In conclusion, human adipocytes secrete potent mineralocorticoidreleasing factors, suggesting a direct link between obesity and hypertension.

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Adrenal Androgens in Obese Boys before and after Weight Loss

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Associations between body mass, leptin, IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature adrenarche

Associations between body mass, leptin, IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature adrenarche

Adrenarche in bonobos (Pan paniscus): evidence from ontogenetic changes in urinary dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels

Human adipocytes secrete mineralocorticoid-releasing factors

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