Adrenal Medulla Responsiveness to the Sympathetic Nervous Activity in Sprinters and Untrained Subjects During a Supramaximal Exercise

Zouhal, Hassane; Rannou, F.; Gratas-Delamarche, Arlette; Monnier, M.; Bentué-Ferrer, Danièle; Delamarche, Paul

doi:10.1055/s-2007-971899

Cited by 54 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…When compared to the values usually reported for French sportsmen (Zouhal et al 1998), these results indicate that our subjects were not highly trained in either endurance or sprint exercises. The W max developed and the high La max values [15.5 (0.8) mmolAE l )1 ] measured in capillary blood at the third minute following the end of the Wingate test confirmed that all subjects performed a supramaximal anaerobic effort.…”

Section: Physiological Characteristics Of the Subjectssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The Wingate test is well known to elicit anaerobic lactic metabolism, as evidenced by the high blood lactate values measured. The autoxidation of catecholamine might also contribute more to the oxidative stress induced by short-term supramaximal anaerobic exercise, since very high levels of catecholamine have been measured after such exercise (Zouhal et al 1998). Finally, the last and probably major factor might be the activation of the xanthine oxidase system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was done using a submaximal ergocycle test of 6 min, during which VO 2 was measured using a breath-by-breath automated exercise metabolic system (CPX, Medical Graphics, St. Paul, Minn., USA). This first test served as a warm-up before the forcevelocity test (F/V test) was performed using the technique previously described (Zouhal et al 1998). This test, using an Ergomeca bicycle, consists of a succession of several supramaximal bouts of roughly 6 s against loads increased by 2 kg after each bout until the inability to pursue the test had occurred.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Wingate test was chosen because it strongly stimulates both the ATP-PCr and glycolytic systems (Smith and Hill 1991) and thus activates purine catabolism (Starling et al 1996) and lactic acid production (Granier et al 1995). Moreover, we demonstrated in an earlier study that the Wingate test results in a major increase in plasma catecholamine levels (Zouhal et al 1998). As in many works, we measured here indirect oxidative stress markers such as plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (Rokitzki et al 1994), erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities (Robertson et al 1991) and erythrocyte glutathione levels (Duthie et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many other factors known to induce oxidative stress, such as xanthine oxidase activation (Mc Cord 1985), acidosis (Siesjo et al 1985) and catecholamine autoxidation (Cohen and Heikkila 1974), might be operative to a greater extent during shortterm supramaximal anaerobic exercise. Short-term supramaximal anaerobic exercise has been associated with a substantial lactic acidosis both in blood and muscle (Costill et al 1983) and also with a major increase in plasma catecholamine levels (Zouhal et al 1998). Moreover, such exercise stimulates the catabolism of purines to xanthine and urate, as evidenced by plasma urate accumulation (Hellsten-Westing et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in blood lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidants after a single sprint anaerobic exercise

Groussard¹,

Rannou-Bekono²,

Machefer³

et al. 2003

Eur J Appl Physiol

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206

133

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It has been well demonstrated that the principal factor responsible for oxidative damage during exercise is the increase in oxygen consumption. However, other theoretical factors (acidosis, catecholamine autoxidation, ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, etc.) that are known to induce, in vitro, oxidative damage may also be operative during short-term supramaximal anaerobic exercise. Therefore, we hypothesized that short-term supramaximal anaerobic exercise (30-s Wingate test) could induce an oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation markers [serum lipid radical production detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels detected by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method], as well as erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) levels, were measured at rest, after the Wingate test and during the 40 min of recovery. The recovery of exercise was associated with a significant increase (x2.7) in lipid radical production detected by ESR spectroscopy, as well as with changes in the erythrocyte GSH level (-13.6%) and SOD activity (-11.7%). The paradoxical decrease in plasma TBARS (-23.7%) which was correlated with the peak power developed during the Wingate test ( r=-0.7), strongly suggests that such exercise stimulates the elimination of MDA. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that short-term supramaximal anaerobic exercise induces an oxidative stress and that the plasma TBARS level is not a suitable marker during this type of exercise.

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Section: Physiological Characteristics Of the Subjectssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Changes in blood lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidants after a single sprint anaerobic exercise

Groussard¹,

Rannou-Bekono²,

Machefer³

et al. 2003

Eur J Appl Physiol

Self Cite

206

133

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Effect of the intensity of training on catecholamine responses to supramaximal exercise in endurance-trained men

Jacob

Zouhal

Prioux

et al. 2004

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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In this study we investigated whether plasma catecholamine responses to the Wingate test are affected by the intensity of training in endurance-trained subjects. To do this we compared plasma adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) concentrations in response to a Wingate test in three different groups: specialist middledistance runners (MDR) in 800-m and 1,500-m races, specialist long-distance runners (LDR) 5,000-m and 10,000-m races, and untrained subjects (UT). The maximal power (W max ) and the mean power (W) were determined from the Wingate test. Blood lactate (La), plasma A and NA concentrations were analysed at rest (La 0 , A 0 and NA 0 ), immediately at the end of the exercise (A max and NA max ) and after 5 min recovery (La max , A 5 and NA 5 ). The ratio A max /NA max was considered as an index of the adrenal medulla responsiveness to the sympathetic nervous activity. At the end of the test, W max and W were similar in the three groups but La max was significantly greater in MDR compared to LDR and UT [15.2 (2.2) mmol l )1 , 11.7 (3.1) mmol l )1 , 11.6 (1.6) mmol l )1 , respectively, for MDR, LDR and UT; mean (SD)]. Concerning the plasma catecholamine concentrations in response to exercise, MDR and LDR A max values [3.73 (1.53) nmol l )1 , 3.47 (0.74) nmol l )1 , respectively, for MDR and LDR] were significantly greater than those of UT [1.48 (0.32) nmol l )1 ] who also exhibited the lowest NA max values [11.09 (6.58) nmol l )1 ] compared to MDR and LDR [20.43 (3.51) nmol l )1 ; 15.85 (4.88) nmol l )1 , respectively, for MDR and LDR]. However, no significant differences were observed between the two trained groups either for A max or NA max. These results suggest that long-term endurance training can enhance plasma catecholamine concentrations in response to supramaximal exercise. However, as there were no significant differences between MDR and LDR A max and NA max values, the effect of the intensity of training remains to be clarified.

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Effect of training and detraining on catecholamine responses to sprint exercise in adolescent girls

et al. 2006

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Training is well known to influence catecholamine responses to exercise. In women, this training effect is still not well characterized and has been studied mostly in adults. Hence, we investigated in this longitudinal study, the effects of a 6-month sprint training program followed by 5 months of detraining on plasma catecholamine responses to a sprint exercise in young female subjects. Twelve healthy adolescent girls [training group (TG), n=6; control group (CG), n=6] took part in our study. TG participated in 6 months of supervised sprint training program (3 days/week) and has no training past whereas, CG continued with it's normal activity. A 6s-sprint test was performed on a cycle ergometer before training (P1) and after training (P2) in both the groups. TG only realized a 6s-sprint test after 5 months of detraining (P3). Blood lactate concentrations (La) as well as plasma adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) concentrations were measured at rest, immediately after the warm-up and the 6s-sprint and during recovery. Peak power W peak), expressed both in absolute and relative values, were significantly increased in TG in P2 (P<0.01) but did not change in CG. After the sprint-training period, the warm-up and the 6s-sprint induced plasma A increase and the maximal A concentrations were significantly higher than in P1 and P3 for TG only (P<0.05). Plasma A did not change in CG after 6 months. In P3, W peak and maximal lactate concentrations ([La]max) were significantly greater compared to P1 and P2 in TG (P<0.05). In CG, [La]max were significantly increased in P2 (P<0.05). The present study demonstrates that 6 months of sprint training in adolescent girls induce both an increase in performances and in A responses to sprint exercise. This adrenergic adaptation disappears after 5 months of detraining whereas the gain in performance is maintained. These new data may lead to practical considerations.

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Adrenal Medulla Responsiveness to the Sympathetic Nervous Activity in Sprinters and Untrained Subjects During a Supramaximal Exercise

Cited by 54 publications

References 2 publications

Changes in blood lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidants after a single sprint anaerobic exercise

Changes in blood lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidants after a single sprint anaerobic exercise

Effect of the intensity of training on catecholamine responses to supramaximal exercise in endurance-trained men

Effect of training and detraining on catecholamine responses to sprint exercise in adolescent girls

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