Adrenal medullary autografts into the basal ganglia of Cebus monkeys: Injury-induced regeneration

Fiandaca, Massimo S.; Kordower, Jeffrey H.; Hansen, John T.; Jiao, Shoushu; Gash, Don M.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(88)90080-5

Cited by 198 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Rats in group 3 displayed robust sprouting yet the poorest chromaffin cell survival. This is consistent with previous observations that TH-immunoreactive sprouting is seen within the striatum of parkinsonian monkeys (Bankiewicz et al, 1988;Fiandaca et al, 1988;Plunkett et al, 1990) and Parkinson's disease patients (Hurtig et al, 1989;Kordower et al, 199 1) following adrenal autografts that degenerate soon after implantation or even following sham transplantation (Bankiewicz et al, 1988;Fiandaca et al, 1988;Plunkett et al, 1990). Figure 9.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Robust survival of isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells following intrastriatal transplantation: a novel hypothesis of adrenal graft viability

et al. 1993

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Previous investigations have demonstrated that adrenal chromaffin cells survive poorly when grafted into the striatum of rodents, nonhuman primates, and patients with Parkinson's disease. This poor survival has been attributed to the low levels of endogenous NGF within the striatum. However, chromaffin cells isolated from the nonchromaffin constituents of the adrenal medulla (fibroblasts and endothelial cells) have recently been demonstrated to survive grafting into a number of CNS sites. The present study determined whether nonchromaffin constituents of the adrenal medulla may be responsible for poor graft survival. We compared the survival of intrastriatally grafted isolated bovine chromaffin cells with that observed following implantation of either perfused adrenal medullary suspensions containing all adrenal medullary cell types or isolated chromaffin cells that were then reseeded with autologous fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Implants of perfused adrenal medullary cells survived poorly and most graft sites were infiltrated with macrophages. The chromaffin cells in this group that did survive appeared to be in the process of degeneration. In contrast, large numbers of isolated chromaffin cells survived for up to 2 months following transplantation. These cells maintained their endocrine phenotype and stained for all enzymatic markers of catecholamine synthesis as well as chromogranin A. Morphologically, these cells resembled chromaffin cells seen in situ and the perigraft region was essentially devoid of macrophages. When isolated chromaffin cells were reseeded with autologous fibroblasts and endothelial cells, the implants degenerated and few, if any, surviving chromaffin cells were observed. Interestingly, these latter grafts induced a host- derived sprouting response of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers. These data demonstrate that large numbers of adrenal chromaffin cells can survive intrastriatal implantation in the absence of exposure to exogenous NGF. Rather, the nonchromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (fibroblasts and endothelial cells) appear to compromise the viability of grafted chromaffin cells. Once they are eliminated from the graft, robust survival of chromaffin cells occurs. If clinical trials employing adrenal medullary grafts are still to be considered for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, isolation of the chromaffin cells should be considered to enhance graft viability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Robust survival of isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells following intrastriatal transplantation: a novel hypothesis of adrenal graft viability

et al. 1993

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“…Evidence is accumulating which suggests that grafting also stimulates the activity of residual host dopaminergic neurons Fiandaca et al, 1988;Hirsch et al, 1990;Howells et al, 1993;Jaeger et al, 1983;Plunkett et al, 1990;Przedborski et al, 1991). Animal models of Parkinsonism with surgically lesioned striata, but no grafts, have shown clinical improvement (Fiandaca et al, 1988;Plunkett et al, 1990;Przedborski et al, 1991); however detailed neurochemical correlates are still lacking. Reports have shown increases in striatal presynaptic dopamine uptake site density in rodents (Howells et al, 1993;Przedborski et al, 1991), and increased host TH-IR after grafting or striatal damage in primates (Fiandaca et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal models of Parkinsonism with surgically lesioned striata, but no grafts, have shown clinical improvement (Fiandaca et al, 1988;Plunkett et al, 1990;Przedborski et al, 1991); however detailed neurochemical correlates are still lacking. Reports have shown increases in striatal presynaptic dopamine uptake site density in rodents (Howells et al, 1993;Przedborski et al, 1991), and increased host TH-IR after grafting or striatal damage in primates (Fiandaca et al, 1988). Increases in TH expression have also been observed following partial lesions of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system in rats (Blanchard et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed increase of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in rat nigrostriatal system after traumatic brain injury

Yan

Chen

et al. 2007

Brain Research

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Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the key enzyme for synthesizing dopamine (DA) in dopaminergic neurons and its terminals. Emerging experimental and clinical evidence support the hypothesis of a disturbance in dopamine neurotransmission following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the effect of controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury on TH in the nigrostriatal system is currently unknown. To determine if there is an alteration in TH after CCI injury, we examined TH levels at 1 day, 7 days, and 28 days post-injury by utilizing a commercially available antibody specific to TH. Rats were anesthetized and surgically prepared for CCI injury (4 m/sec, 3.2 mm) or sham surgery. Injured (n=6) and sham animals (n=6) were sacrificed and coronally sectioned (35 μm thick) through the striatum and substantia nigra (SN) for immunohistochemistry. Additionally, semiquantitative measurements of TH protein in striatal and SN homogenates from injured (n=6) and sham (n=6) rats sacrificed at the appropriate time post-surgery were assessed using Western blot analysis. TH protein is bilaterally increased at 28 days post-injury in nigrostriatal system revealed by immunohistochemistry in injured rats compared to sham controls. Western blot analysis confirms the findings of immunohistochemistry in both striatum and SN. We speculate that the increase in TH in the nigrostriatal system may reflect a compensatory response of dopaminergic neurons to upregulate their synthesizing capacity and a delayed increase in the efficiency of DA neurotransmission after TBI.

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“…showed moderate but highly variable motor improvements (Fiandaca et al, 1988;Freed et al, 1981;Morihisa et al, 1984), even though only 1% of the chromaffin cells were able to release dopamine (Fernandez-Espejo et al, 2005). However, in humans these cells did not show satisfactory results, as their grafting in patients produced only partial motor improvements (Madrazo et al, 1987).…”

Section: ))mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal cortical and chromaffin stem cells: Is there a common progeny related to stress adaptation?

Steenblock

Celis

Androutsellis-Theotokis

et al. 2017

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Adrenal medullary autografts into the basal ganglia of Cebus monkeys: Injury-induced regeneration

Cited by 198 publications

References 52 publications

Robust survival of isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells following intrastriatal transplantation: a novel hypothesis of adrenal graft viability

Robust survival of isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells following intrastriatal transplantation: a novel hypothesis of adrenal graft viability

Delayed increase of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in rat nigrostriatal system after traumatic brain injury

Adrenal cortical and chromaffin stem cells: Is there a common progeny related to stress adaptation?

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