Adrenaline modulates the global transcriptional profile of Salmonella revealing a role in the antimicrobial peptide and oxidative stress resistance responses

Karavolos, Michail H.; Spencer, Hannah; Bulmer, David M.; Thompson, Arthur R.; Winzer, Klaus; Williams, Paul; Hinton, Jay C. D.; Khan, C. M. Anjam

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-458

Cited by 101 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Recently, we have shown that epinephrine increases sensitivity to polymyxin B in a manner dependent on the twocomponent system BasSR (36). We saw no change in expression of virK or mig14 in the ⌬basS mutant compared to the wild type, either with or without epinephrine/norepinephrine (data not shown), suggesting that virK and mig14 are regulated by epinephrine/norepinephrine through a mechanism independent of BasSR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Epinephrine has been shown to decrease resistance to polymyxin B through downregulation of the pmr operon, in a man- ner dependent on the two-component system BasSR (36). We have shown that expression of virK and mig14 is independent of BasSR, suggesting that stress hormones affect LL-37 and polymyxin B resistance by two independent mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…We have shown that expression of virK and mig14 is independent of BasSR, suggesting that stress hormones affect LL-37 and polymyxin B resistance by two independent mechanisms. Supporting this theory, the epinephrine-mediated downregulation of the pmr operon and polymyxin sensitivity are blocked by the ␤-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (36), whereas mig14 and virK expression is blocked by the ␣-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Strains were grown in M9 for 2.5 h, epinephrine or norepinephrine was added, and incubation was continued for 30 min. Assays were done as previously described (36). Briefly, cultures were diluted to ϳ10 6 CFU/ml, and 50 l was inoculated into a 96-well plate and incubated with 100 l LL-37 (5 g/ml) (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals) for 1 h at 37°C and 200 rpm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenotypes induced by stress hormones in bacteria include increased adherence of EHEC to bovine intestinal mucosa (63), upregulation of type III secretion and Shiga toxin production in EHEC (22,60), upregulation of type III secretion in Vibrio parahaemolyticus (51), increase in invasion of epithelial cells and breakdown of epithelial tight junctions by Campylobacter jejuni (15), affected motility and expression of iron uptake genes in S. Typhimurium (8,9,36), and modulated virulence in Borrelia burgdorferi (59). Epinephrine and norepinephrine can overcome the growth inhibition of many bacteria, including Salmonella, in serum-containing media (13,43), due to the ability to act as a siderophore to facilitate iron uptake (13,28,47).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genome-Wide Transposon Mutagenesis Identifies a Role for Host Neuroendocrine Stress Hormones in Regulating the Expression of Virulence Genes inSalmonella

et al. 2010

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Bacterial sensing of environmental signals plays a key role in regulating virulence and mediating bacteriumhost interactions. The sensing of the neuroendocrine stress hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) plays an important role in modulating bacterial virulence. We used MudJ transposon mutagenesis to globally screen for genes regulated by neuroendocrine stress hormones in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We identified eight hormone-regulated genes, including yhaK, iroC, nrdF, accC, yedP, STM3081, and the virulence-related genes virK and mig14. The mammalian ␣-adrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine reversed the hormone-mediated effects on yhaK, virK, and mig14 but did not affect the other genes. The ␤-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol had no activity in these assays. The virK and mig14 genes are involved in antimicrobial peptide resistance, and phenotypic screens revealed that exposure to neuroendocrine hormones increased the sensitivity of S. Typhimurium to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. A virK mutant and a virK mig14 double mutant also displayed increased sensitivity to LL-37. In contrast to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), we have found no role for the two-component systems QseBC and QseEF in the adrenergic regulation of any of the identified genes. Furthermore, hormone-regulated gene expression could not be blocked by the QseC inhibitor LED209, suggesting that sensing of hormones is mediated through alternative signaling pathways in S. Typhimurium. This study has identified a role for host-derived neuroendocrine stress hormones in downregulating S. Typhimurium virulence gene expression to the benefit of the host, thus providing further insights into the field of host-pathogen communication.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-Wide Transposon Mutagenesis Identifies a Role for Host Neuroendocrine Stress Hormones in Regulating the Expression of Virulence Genes inSalmonella

et al. 2010

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An overview of host‐derived molecules that interact with gut microbiota

Zhang

Liu

Sun

et al. 2023

iMeta

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The gut microbiota comprises bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses that live together and interact with each other and with host cells. A stable gut microbiota is vital for regulating host metabolism and maintaining body health, while a disturbed microbiota may induce different kinds of disease. In addition, diet is also considered to be the main factor that influences the gut microbiota. The host could shape the gut microbiota through other factors. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms that mediate host regulation on gut microbiota, involved in gut‐derived molecules, including gut‐derived immune system molecules (secretory immunoglobulin A, antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, cluster of differentiation 4+ effector T cell, and innate lymphoid cells), sources related to gut‐derived mucosal molecules (carbon sources, nitrogen sources, oxygen sources, and electron respiratory acceptors), gut‐derived exosomal noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) (microRNAs, circular RNA, and long ncRNA), and molecules derived from organs other than the gut (estrogen, androgen, neurohormones, bile acid, and lactic acid). This study provides a systemic overview for understanding the interplay between gut microbiota and host, a comprehensive source for potential ways to manipulate gut microbiota, and a solid foundation for future personalized treatment that utilizes gut microbiota.

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Molecular Design, Structures, and Activity of Antimicrobial Peptide‐Mimetic Polymers

Takahashi

Palermo

Yasuhara

et al. 2013

Macromolecular Bioscience

110

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There is an urgent need for new antibiotics which are effective against drug-resistant bacteria without contributing to resistance development. We have designed and developed antimicrobial copolymers with cationic amphiphilic structures based on the mimicry of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. These copolymers exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with no adverse hemolytic activity. Notably, these polymers also did not result in any measurable resistance development in E. coli. The peptide-mimetic design principle offers significant flexibility and diversity in the creation of new antimicrobial materials and their potential biomedical applications.

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Adrenaline modulates the global transcriptional profile of Salmonella revealing a role in the antimicrobial peptide and oxidative stress resistance responses

Cited by 101 publications

References 77 publications

Genome-Wide Transposon Mutagenesis Identifies a Role for Host Neuroendocrine Stress Hormones in Regulating the Expression of Virulence Genes inSalmonella

Genome-Wide Transposon Mutagenesis Identifies a Role for Host Neuroendocrine Stress Hormones in Regulating the Expression of Virulence Genes inSalmonella

An overview of host‐derived molecules that interact with gut microbiota

Molecular Design, Structures, and Activity of Antimicrobial Peptide‐Mimetic Polymers

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