“…11 This being said, there have been many small-scale advances, developing physical, pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques that focus on extracting all parts of the battery. [11][12][13][14] However, a large bias towards the cathode remains, with the anode, comprised primarily of graphite, either being sold as scrap, pyrolyzed, or used as a reducing agent in pyrometallurgical recycling processes. 12,[15][16][17] Current commercial EVs, LIBs can contain around 11 times more graphite than lithium by mass.…”