Adsorptive Removal of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals from Aqueous Solutions: a Review

Adsorptive removal of antibiotic pollutants from wastewater using biomass/biochar-based adsorbents

“…76 This study removed cexime (CFX) from aqueous solutions using biochar made from pinecones. pH (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), contact length (0-120 min), initial CFX concentration (10, 50, and 100 mg L −1 ), adsorbent dosage (0.1-2.5 g L −1 ), and temperature (10 °C to 50 °C) were all investigated. The dry raw material was placed in a stainless steel reactor for carbonization and heated at 20 °C per minute in an electrical furnace for 2 hours at 460 °C.…”

“…The Freundlich isotherm is suitable for the heterogeneous surface adsorption process; there is a tendency for more adsorption to occur even when the monolayer surface is covered. 7,37 While the D-R isotherm model is a combination of both Freundlich and D-R isotherms, it accommodates the adsorption of antibiotics at low concentrations onto both homogeneous and heterogeneous surfaces. It helps determine the mechanism of the adsorption processes: either physisorption or chemisorption.…”

“…Despite the advantages of some available methods ( Table 2 ), they have disadvantages, including poor removal efficiency, high energy requirements, production of poisonous by-products, which may pose health risks, and the production of large quantities of secondary sludge, that are harmful to both aquatic and human health. 7 The adsorption technique using activated carbon (AC), has gained increasing attention due to its lower cost, simplicity of operation, large surface area, and efficacy. 7 By comparison, adsorption is still the most prevalent method of treating wastewater for the two types of antibiotics because of the advantages of ease of operation and low cost.…”

“…According to a recent study, India has been the world's most substantial end-user since 2015, posing a serious threat to their resistance. [4][5][6][7][8] Antibiotics can be detected in water samples due to ineffective conventional methods of elimination from wastewater. 9,10 However, some metabolized antibiotics are eliminated through defecation while the active nonbiodegradable residues accumulate greatly, developing bacteria with antibiotic-resistance.…”

“…Reverse osmosis and nanoltration have recently been focused on based on their high energy and material consumption. 7,24 Conversely, these technologies exhibit several drawbacks, such as the waste of too much water in reverse osmosis/nanoltration. In addition, the method is time-consuming and expensive to implement on a large scale.…”