Adsorptive Resource Recovery from Human Urine: System Design, Parametric Considerations and Response Surface Optimization

Simha, Prithvi; Banwasi, Paurush; Mathew, Melvin; Ganesapillai, Mahesh

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.557

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, the Cr(VI) removal efficiency did not increase when increasing the amount of FSS due to a limitation of active sites for Cr(VI). e result was due to a full saturation of the adsorption process [43,44]. e adsorption capacity declined from 8.85 mg/g to 0.95 mg/g in accordance with an increase in the adsorbent dosage from 2 to 30 g/L.…”

Section: Effect Of Adsorbent Dosagementioning

confidence: 85%

Adsorption of Chromium(VI) onto Freshwater Snail Shell-Derived Biosorbent from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

Nguyen

Van

et al. 2019

Journal of Chemistry

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In this study, freshwater snail shells (FSSs) containing CaCO3 were used as a low-cost biosorbent for removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The characteristics of FSS and mechanism of Cr(VI) adsorption onto FSS were investigated. The FSS biosorbent was characterized using nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption mechanism was determined by conducting various batch adsorption experiments along with fitting experimental data with various adsorption models. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted as a function of solution pH, contact time, biosorbent dose, and initial Cr(VI) concentration. Results indicated that pH = 2, a contact time of 120 min, and an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 30 mg/L at 20°C were the best conditions for adsorption of Cr(VI) onto FSS. The Cr(VI) adsorption onto FSS decreased with an increase in temperature from 20 to 40°C. The obtained maximum adsorption capacity was 8.85 mg/g for 2 g/L of FSS dose with 30 mg/L of initial Cr(VI) at 20°C. The adsorption equilibrium data fit well with the Sips and Langmuir isotherm models at 20°C with a high R2 of 0.981 and 0.975, respectively. Also, a good correlation between the experimental data and the pseudo-second-order model was achieved, with the highest R2 of 0.995 at 20°C. The adsorption mechanisms were electrostatic interaction and ion exchange. Simultaneously, this mechanism was also controlled by film diffusion. The Cr(VI) adsorption process was irreversible, spontaneous (−∆G°), exothermic (∆H° is negative), and less random (∆S° is negative). In conclusion, freshwater snail shells have the potential as a renewable adsorbent to remove toxic metals from wastewater.

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Section: Effect Of Adsorbent Dosagementioning

confidence: 85%

Adsorption of Chromium(VI) onto Freshwater Snail Shell-Derived Biosorbent from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

Nguyen

Van

et al. 2019

Journal of Chemistry

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“…It is seen that the adsorption % has increased from 65 to 100 that can be directly linked to the availability of increasing adsorption sites with increasing amount of adsorbent. At higher adsorbent dose, there are not enough Cr (VI) in the solution to occupy the active sites and hence the adsorption tends to become constant [48,49]. In view of this observation, for all other experiments the adsorbent dose was fixed at 0.25 g/100 mL.…”

Section: Effect Of Adsorption Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) using activated carbon prepared from mango kernel activated with H3PO4

N.¹,

Shahi²,

Rai³

et al. 2016

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The present work reported the adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions on activated carbon prepared from mango kernel, a seasonal wastefrom mango fruits. Kernels from dried mango fruit shells were taken out and pulverized in a micro-pulverizing mill. The powder thus obtained wasactivated with 40% H3PO4 and carbonized at 600 °C for 1 hour in an inert atmosphere. Physico-chemical characteristics such as elementalcomposition, surface area, functional groups and surface morphology of the activated carbon were analyzed using elemental analyzer, BET surfacearea analyzer, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM analysis respectively. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effects of Cr (VI)concentration, carbon dose, pH, rate of agitation, time and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) was found to be 7.8 mg g−1at pH 2 and temperature 35 °C. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm best represented the equilibrium data and a pseudo-second order relationrepresented the adsorption kinetics.

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“…Statistically based experimental designs like response surface methodology are more efficient in experimental biology, as variables are tested simultaneously [7]. Due to the sensitivity of the experimental studies and time taken for each experimental run to determine low concentrations at ppb level, it is necessary to minimize the total number of experimental runs by using advanced techniques like Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Box–Behnken experimental design coupled with artificial neural networks for biosorption of low concentrations of cadmium using Spirulina (Arthrospira) spp.

Madhu¹,

Kiran²,

Kalpana³

et al. 2017

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The present study deals with the application of artificial intelligence techniques coupled with Box–Behnken (BB) design to model the processparameters for biosorption of cadmium using live Spirulina (Arthrospira) spp. as adsorbent in open race way pond with Zarrouk medium. Thebiomass concentration of Spirulina spp. decreased to half at 4 ppm Cd (II) after 8 days. Based on the LCt50 values, 3.69 ppm (8th day),Spirulina (Arthospira) maxima showed maximum tolerance. Considerable growth and bioaccumulation of Spirulina spp. is observed below1 ppm and tolerant up to 3 ppm. The cadmium adsorption on Spirulina spp. showed good correlation (R2 = 0.99) when applied to Freundlichequation and data fit into pseudo second order kinetics. A four factorial, three blocks and three level Box–Behnken design with initialconcentration (1 ppb to 5 ppb), biosorbant dosage (0.1 gdw to 0.2 gdw), agitation speed (12 rpm to 16 rpm) and pH (6 to 8) as independentvariables and percentage adsorption as dependent variable were selected for study. The data were further processed using artificial neuralnetwork model and DIRECT algorithm for better optimization. The final Cd (II) concentration of <0.5 ppb was achieved with 1 ppb initialconcentration under optimal conditions. A continuous desorption process was also developed for removal of cadmium from Spirulina (Arthrospira)sp.

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Adsorptive Resource Recovery from Human Urine: System Design, Parametric Considerations and Response Surface Optimization

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Adsorption of Chromium(VI) onto Freshwater Snail Shell-Derived Biosorbent from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

Adsorption of Chromium(VI) onto Freshwater Snail Shell-Derived Biosorbent from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

Removal of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) using activated carbon prepared from mango kernel activated with H3PO4

Applications of Box–Behnken experimental design coupled with artificial neural networks for biosorption of low concentrations of cadmium using Spirulina (Arthrospira) spp.

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