Adult and Embryo Responses to Organophosphate Pesticide: Azodrin

Abstract

Azodrin was applied to adult embryo chickens, Chukar Partridge, and Bobwhite Quail. Chronic exposure of adult birds to Azodrin mixed in their feed indicated that no a priori predictions could be made about one species based on the results of another; each had a different no effect (MACT) level. The chickens were between 25 and 100 ppm, the Chukar Partridge 5 and 25 ppm, and the Bobwhite quail less than 1.25 ppm. The chicken adults were most resistant, and the quail were least resistant to chronic exposure to Azodrin. Yolk-injected Azodrin caused the embryos of all three species to develop abnormally. The chicken and Chukar embryos developed a generalized achondroplasia, the quail were amuscular, only. In general, the 3 day quail embryos were most resistant to injected Azodrin and the chicken embryo least resistant. The relationship between adult and embryo response was negative.

Effects of Dimecron on Developing Chick Embryo: Malformations and other Histopathological Changes

“…It is known that injection of organophosphorus insecticide at an early stage of embryonic development results in different types of malformations (Romanoff, 1972), such as short neck, tibiotarsal arthrogryposis, muscular hypoplasia, parrot beak, micromelia and abnormal feathering, cervical lordosis, scoliosis, etc. (Seifert and Casida, 1978; Schom et al., 1979; Varnagy et al., 1982) in some avian species. Though the present study did not show all types of abnormalities, a few prominent abnormalities, such as outward exposition of the brain, absence of one eye (unilateral anophthalmia), reduced size development, parrot beak formation, etc.…”

Oviposition and the plasma concentrations of LH, progesterone and corticosterone in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) fed parathion

“…The mechanism of action, metabolism, and neuromuscular effects of organophosphates have been thoroughly investigated (Matsumura, 1975). Dietary exposure to organophosphates has been demonstrated to reduce food consumption, body weight, egg production, fertility, and hatchability in the chicken (Gallus domesticus), partridge (Alectoris graecd), pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), and quail (Colinus virginianus and Coturnix coturnix japónica) in a dose-dependent manner (Ross & Sherman, 1960; Shellenberger, Newell, Adams & Barbaccia, 1966;Stromborg, 1977;Schom, Abbott & Walker, 1979). Some of the endocrinological plasma corticosterone rhythms (Szot & Murphy, 1971;Civen, Brown & Morin, 1977), and the inhibition of steroidogenesis (Civen et al, 1977) and hepatic steroid metabolism (Conney, Welch, Kuntzman & Burns, 1967).…”

Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Insecticides

“…Positive results have also been obtained on duck embryos treated by Diazinon (Khera, 1966), Dichlorvos (Khera, 1966), and Ethyl parathion (Khera, 1966); on quail treated by Azodrin (Schorn et al, 1979), Bidrin (Meiniel, 1976), and Ethyl parathion (Meiniel, 1973); and on partridge treated by Azodrin (Schorn et al, 1979) and Ethyl azinphos . A few negative results were reported for Malathion in chicks (Upshall et al, 1968;Roger et al, 1969), and quail (Meiniel, 1977); for Mevinphos on chicks (Upshall et al, 1968), and for Salithion on chicks (Eto et al, 1980).…”