Adult exposure to acidified seawater influences sperm physiology in Mytilus galloprovincialis: Laboratory and in situ transplant experiments

Gallo, Alessandra; Esposito, Maria Consiglia; Cuccaro, Alessia; Buia, Maria Cristina; Tarallo, Andrea; Monfrecola, Vincenzo; Tosti, Elisabetta; Boni, Raffaele

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115063

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Several studies report that Mytilus spp. mussels, for example, are capable of maintaining high fertilization rates across a broad pH range (Bechmann et al, 2011;Eads et al, 2016;Riba et al, 2016;Gallo et al, 2020). Fertilization in some molluscan and echinoderm species can persist at severely low pH (e.g., ~23% of Crassostrea gigas eggs were successfully fertilized at pH 6.0, Riba et al, 2016).…”

Section: Fertilization Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification does not overlook sex: Review of understudied effects and implications of low pH on marine invertebrate sexual reproduction

Padilla‐Gamiño

Alma²,

Spencer³

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Sexual reproduction is a fundamental process essential for species persistence, evolution, and diversity. However, unprecedented oceanographic shifts due to climate change can impact physiological processes, with important implications for sexual reproduction. Identifying bottlenecks and vulnerable stages in reproductive cycles will enable better prediction of the organism, population, community, and global-level consequences of ocean change. This article reviews how ocean acidification impacts sexual reproductive processes in marine invertebrates and highlights current research gaps. We focus on five economically and ecologically important taxonomic groups: cnidarians, crustaceans, echinoderms, molluscs and ascidians. We discuss the spatial and temporal variability of experimental designs, identify trends of performance in acidified conditions in the context of early reproductive traits (gametogenesis, fertilization, and reproductive resource allocation), and provide a quantitative meta-analysis of the published literature to assess the effects of low pH on fertilization rates across taxa. A total of 129 published studies investigated the effects of ocean acidification on 122 species in selected taxa. The impact of ocean acidification is dependent on taxa, the specific reproductive process examined, and study location. Our meta-analysis reveals that fertilization rate decreases as pH decreases, but effects are taxa-specific. Echinoderm fertilization appears more sensitive than molluscs to pH changes, and while data are limited, fertilization in cnidarians may be the most sensitive. Studies with echinoderms and bivalve molluscs are prevalent, while crustaceans and cephalopods are among the least studied species even though they constitute some of the largest fisheries worldwide. This lack of information has important implications for commercial aquaculture, wild fisheries, and conservation and restoration of wild populations. We recommend that studies expose organisms to different ocean acidification levels during the entire gametogenic cycle, and not only during the final stages before gametes or larvae are released. We argue for increased focus on fundamental reproductive processes and associated molecular mechanisms that may be vulnerable to shifts in ocean chemistry. Our recommendations for future research will allow for a better understanding of how reproduction in invertebrates will be affected in the context of a rapidly changing environment.

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Section: Fertilization Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification does not overlook sex: Review of understudied effects and implications of low pH on marine invertebrate sexual reproduction

Padilla‐Gamiño

Alma²,

Spencer³

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…These bring up the necessity to evaluate the lethal and sublethal cryodamage. The analysis of sperm quality in invertebrates has been performed by using several techniques such as motility, membrane integrity, morphology, DNA integrity, lipid peroxidation, detection of intracellular ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, and acrosome integrity ( Akcha et al, 2012 ; Le Goïc et al, 2013 ; Vignier et al, 2017 ; Gallo et al, 2018 , 2020 ). However, in cryopreservation studies, most research in bivalves applies only motility, plasma membrane integrity, and fertilization as tools to assess post-thaw sperm quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Trehalose and Sucrose in Post-thaw Quality of Crassostrea angulata Sperm

et al. 2021

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Sperm cryopreservation can be a helpful tool in reproductive management and preservation of biodiversity. However, the freezing methodologies lead to some damage in structure and function of cells that may compromise post-thaw sperm activity. Cryoprotectant supplementation with sugars proved to be a successful strategy to reduce cryodamage in sperm of several species, once allowing to stabilize the plasma membrane constituents. Therefore, this study intends to understand the effects of sugars in the plasma membrane, DNA integrity, and oxidative response during Portuguese oyster sperm cryopreservation. Three cryoprotectants solutions with an initial concentration of 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 20% DMSO complemented with 0.9 M trehalose or sucrose in artificial seawater were employed. Sperm samples of mature males were individually collected and diluted 1:10 (v/v) in artificial seawater followed by addition of cryoprotectants [1:1 (v/v)]. Thereafter, sperm was loaded into 0.5 ml straws, maintained at 4°C for 10 min, frozen in a programmable biofreezer at −6°C/min from 0 to −70°C, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Samples were thawed in a 37°C bath for 10 s. Several techniques were performed to evaluate post-thaw quality. Sperm motility and DNA integrity were analyzed by using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) software and comet assay. Flow cytometry was employed to determine membrane and acrosome integrity and to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis activity. Lipid peroxidation was determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) detection by using spectrophotometry. Sperm antioxidant capacity was evaluated through glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Motility was not affected by the extenders containing sugars; these compounds did not reduce the DNA damage. However, both the trehalose and sucrose protected plasma membrane of cells by increasing cell viability and significantly reducing MDA content. The same finding was observed for the ROS, where live cells registered significantly lower levels of ROS in samples cryopreserved with sugars. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was higher in treatments supplemented with sugars, although not significant. In conclusion, the addition of sugars seems to play an important role in protecting the Crassostrea angulata sperm membrane during cryopreservation, showing potential to improve the post-thaw sperm quality and protect the cells from cryoinjuries.

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“…(8) In addition to IWT, there are several environmental factors that affect fish reproduction including environmental pollution, [78][79][80] ocean acidification, 81,82 oxygen level 83 and salinity. [84][85][86] Understanding their interactions is necessary to better elucidate the impacts of global warming on fish reproduction.…”

Section: Author Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of global warming on fertility of male fishes: evidence from meta-analysis of temperature effects on spermatozoa motility

Cheng,

Wang,

Alavi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Studies have demonstrated adverse effects of global warming on aquatic ecosystems from the abiotic to the biotic level. In the present work, a meta-analysis study was conducted to elucidate the effects of global warming on spermatozoa functions, which are key determinants of male fertility. We recruited 245 data records from a pool of empirical studies, which includes 20 studies spanning 20 cold- and warm-water fish species, to identify the effects of increased water temperature (IWT) on determinants of sperm fertility in fishes. Data were systematically re-processed and re-analyzed to determine the overall effects of IWT on sperm kinetics such as motility (MOT), duration of motility (DSM), curvilinear velocity (VCL), rectilinear velocity (VSL) and average path velocity (VAP), as well as on enzymatic activities for energy supply (EAES) and antioxidant enzyme activity (ANEA). The standardized mean difference was calculated for each study, with positive values indicating higher performance under IWT. Results showed that (a) the overall effect size for MOT was more negative in cold-water fishes (-1.22) than in warm-water fishes (-0.98). (b) Each 1 oC increase in the activation medium reduced MOT by 1.30% (cold-water fishes) and 3.47% (warm-water fishes). (c) The IWT negatively affected DSM, decreasing it by 10 s (cold-water species) and 5.64 s (warm-water species) per degree of IWT. (d) Spermatozoa velocity (VCL and VSL) was increased by IWT in warm-water species. In conclusion, this study shows that IWT negatively affects sperm motility kinetics, suggesting an impact of global warming on fish reproduction.

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Adult exposure to acidified seawater influences sperm physiology in Mytilus galloprovincialis: Laboratory and in situ transplant experiments

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Ocean acidification does not overlook sex: Review of understudied effects and implications of low pH on marine invertebrate sexual reproduction

Ocean acidification does not overlook sex: Review of understudied effects and implications of low pH on marine invertebrate sexual reproduction

Effect of Trehalose and Sucrose in Post-thaw Quality of Crassostrea angulata Sperm

Impacts of global warming on fertility of male fishes: evidence from meta-analysis of temperature effects on spermatozoa motility

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