Effect of Trehalose and Sucrose in Post-thaw Quality of Crassostrea angulata Sperm

Abstract

Sperm cryopreservation can be a helpful tool in reproductive management and preservation of biodiversity. However, the freezing methodologies lead to some damage in structure and function of cells that may compromise post-thaw sperm activity. Cryoprotectant supplementation with sugars proved to be a successful strategy to reduce cryodamage in sperm of several species, once allowing to stabilize the plasma membrane constituents. Therefore, this study intends to understand the effects of sugars in the plasma membrane, DNA integrity, and oxidative response during Portuguese oyster sperm cryopreservation. Three cryoprotectants solutions with an initial concentration of 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 20% DMSO complemented with 0.9 M trehalose or sucrose in artificial seawater were employed. Sperm samples of mature males were individually collected and diluted 1:10 (v/v) in artificial seawater followed by addition of cryoprotectants [1:1 (v/v)]. Thereafter, sperm was loaded into 0.5 ml straws, maintained at 4°C for 10 min, frozen in a programmable biofreezer at −6°C/min from 0 to −70°C, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Samples were thawed in a 37°C bath for 10 s. Several techniques were performed to evaluate post-thaw quality. Sperm motility and DNA integrity were analyzed by using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) software and comet assay. Flow cytometry was employed to determine membrane and acrosome integrity and to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis activity. Lipid peroxidation was determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) detection by using spectrophotometry. Sperm antioxidant capacity was evaluated through glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Motility was not affected by the extenders containing sugars; these compounds did not reduce the DNA damage. However, both the trehalose and sucrose protected plasma membrane of cells by increasing cell viability and significantly reducing MDA content. The same finding was observed for the ROS, where live cells registered significantly lower levels of ROS in samples cryopreserved with sugars. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was higher in treatments supplemented with sugars, although not significant. In conclusion, the addition of sugars seems to play an important role in protecting the Crassostrea angulata sperm membrane during cryopreservation, showing potential to improve the post-thaw sperm quality and protect the cells from cryoinjuries.

Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress-Oriented Apoptosis Pathway in Saccharides Supplemented Cryopreserved Sperm of Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai

“…However, sperm cryopreservation using saccharides improved antioxidant enzyme activities and the abundance of mRNAs of five vital antioxidant enzyme genes in post-thaw sperm. Improved enzymatic activities of antioxidant enzymes in sperm cryopreserved using saccharides have been previously reported for oyster sperm [33], consistent with present findings. To date, except for GPx [50], there has been no information on mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes in aquatic organisms.…”

“…•− production and MDA level than other types of cryoprotectants. Similar phenomena have been previously reported for post-thaw oyster and salmon sperm cryopreserved using saccharides or vitamins combined with P-CPAs [28,33,44]. The present findings indicate that sucrose supplementation to P-CPA might be responsible for the reduction of O 2…”

“…•− production [28,33] or indirectly measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO) or malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker [9,43]. Saccharides supplemented with P-CPA reduced O 2…”

“…Saccharides have been previously used to improve the sperm cryopreservation technique of marine invertebrates [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In this study, the combination of saccharides with P-CPA improved the post-thaw sperm motility than cryopreservation with P-CPA alone.…”

“…Cryopreservation can lead to the generation of ROS such as superoxide anion (O 2 •− ), hydroperoxyl (HOO • ), and hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) responsible for sperm structure damage by reducing post-thaw motility, viability, and fertilizing ability [ 41 , 42 ]. The oxidative stress in post-thaw sperm can be evaluated by directly measuring O 2 • − production [ 28 , 33 ] or indirectly measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO) or malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker [ 9 , 43 ]. Saccharides supplemented with P-CPA reduced O 2 •− and MDA levels in post-thaw sperm more than the control without supplementation of saccharides.…”