Adult granulosa cell tumors of bilateral ovaries with pure cystic presentation

Abstract

Rationale: Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare, hormonally active sex cord-stromal tumors that generally present as solid unilateral ovarian lesions. It's quite uncommon that they present as pure bilateral ovarian cysts. Histopathology remains the gold standard for making a diagnosis of GCTs. However, as the differential diagnosis is difficult, cystic GCTs are frequently misdiagnosed as benign or other cystic tumors either prior to surgery or during pathologic diagnosis. Accordingly, herein, we describe a fairly rare case of bilateral ovarian cystic GCTs, along with a review of the related literature. Patient concerns: A 43-year-old woman presented with abdominal distension and chronic pain since 1 day. The patient had a history of dysmenorrhea. Diagnoses: Physical examination revealed palpable bilateral adnexal tumors; ultrasonography revealed cystic and septate masses with a maximum diameter of 7.8 and 10.7 cm, respectively, in the bilateral ovaries. Hormonal analysis revealed that the blood estradiol levels were elevated. Postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the surgical specimens revealed a final diagnosis of cystic adult GCTs of the ovaries. Interventions: The patient first underwent laparoscopic bilateral ovarian cystectomy. On the basis of the final pathological diagnosis report, abdominal total hysterectomy, bilateral oophoro-salpingectomy, and partial omentectomy were then performed. Microscopic examination revealed that there were no residual CGT cells. The patient's federation international of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO) Stage was IB period. Outcomes: The surgeries were successful. The tumor was a FIGO Stage IB tumor, and the patient did not require any additional treatment. The patient had been followed-up regularly for 2 years after surgery; she did not experience any complications and remained disease-free. Lessons subsections: Cystic GCTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis if a female patient shows bilateral ovarian cysts. They are extremely rare ovarian malignant tumors that must be differentiated from other ovarian tumors, especially purely cystic tumors and benign cysts. Although pathological and immunohistochemical findings are important for making the diagnosis, the varying histopathological features on microscope make diagnosis difficult, including tumor cells with luteinization or free cell clusters. The current case highlights the importance of physicians being aware of and suspecting cystic CGTs in similar cases, along with knowing the characteristics of GCTs for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

A case report of ovarian granulosa cell tumor in patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome

“…Immunohistochemistry revealed that granulosa cells displayed stable expression of inhibin-α, WT-1, and CD56. Based on the combination of inhibin-α, WT-1, and positive CD56, pathologists can always be confident in the diagnosis of GCT [11] . In the above case, the epithelial cells of the ovarian tumors were also positive for inhibin-α, WT-1, and CD56.…”

“…Based on the combination of inhibin-α, WT-1, and positive CD56, pathologists can always be confident in the diagnosis of GCT. [ 11 ] In the above case, the epithelial cells of the ovarian tumors were also positive for inhibin-α, WT-1, and CD56. Surgical staging is the most important indicator of prognosis, recurrence, and treatment.…”

Synchronous granulosa cell tumor of the ovary and endometrial adenocarcinoma

“…Although granulosa cell tumors are hormonally active tumors, patients often present with nonspecific symptoms; currently there are no diagnostic imaging criteria for these tumors [ 6 ]. Differential diagnosis includes hypercalcemic small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, ovarian thecoma and carcinoid tumors [ 4 , 7 ]. Unlike the juvenile type, adult granulosa cell tumor of the ovary has a characteristic coffee bean grooved and uniform nuclei in 30–60% of cases and often have an immunocytochemistry positive for inhibin [ 2 , 8 ].…”

Large Ovarian Follicle Cyst: Benign Mimic of Cystic Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor

“…Unilocular cystic AGCTs are rare, but have been reported (8). In these cases, the presence of nuclear grooves and variable architectural patterns have been documented.…”