Adult Mansonella perstans in the Abdominal Cavity in Nine Africans

Jk, Baird; Rc, Neafie; Lanoie, Leo; Dh, Connor

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1987.37.578

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, in-depth analysis needs to be performed to decipher M. perstans moulting behaviour and the development of the different life stages in vitro in greater detail. Interestingly, the worms had lengths of 40–60 mm after 50 days of in vitro culture and are thus comparable to M. perstans worms (35–80 mm) isolated from infected human individuals [ 29 ]. Nevertheless, further investigations need to be performed to discriminate gender and decipher morphology and fertility of the cultured M. perstans worms in more detail.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful long-term maintenance of Mansonella perstans in an in vitro culture system

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundApproximately 114 million people are infected with Mansonella perstans in large proportions of Africa. In contrast to other filariae that infect humans, M. perstans-infected individuals show no distinct pathology or specific clinical picture, indicating a well-tuned adaptation to the host. In addition, since M. perstans adult worms reside in serous cavities which are difficult to access, research has been hindered and there is a paucity of knowledge about the biology of M. perstans, especially the development of the different life stages as well as M. perstans-driven immune responses. Thus in this study, an in vitro culture system was developed which allows an in-depth analysis of M. perstans.Results Culicoides species were caught in Ediki (Kumba), Southwest Region within Cameroon following a blood meal on a microfilaremic donor that had 1500 microfilariae/ml of peripheral blood and kept in captivity for 12 days at 23 °C. In a pilot experiment, 15 infective larvae were obtained from the midges and co-cultured with a confluent monolayer of monkey kidney epithelial cells (LLC-MK2) in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS for up to 77 days. The resulting survival rates of 33% revealed that the cell-conditioned medium was suitable for long-term maintenance of M. perstans worms. To confirm these preliminary observations, 249 infective larvae were cultured for 50 days and their development was monitored daily and microscopically graded for motility. In total, 170 (68.3%) filariae survived and 124 (49.8%) larvae moulted between days 21–30 to become L5 stage larvae which were motile and showed continuous vigorous movement.ConclusionWe have established an in vitro culture system for the generation and long-term maintenance of viable M. perstans worms. This technique will be an important tool to study parasite biology and development, the role in host immunity, and might be helpful to discover novel treatment strategies against this filariae.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2515-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful long-term maintenance of Mansonella perstans in an in vitro culture system

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Adults are intradermal, whereas the microfilariae reside in the bloodstream. No major diseases are attributed to this symbiosis [17]. The adults and embryos are examples of successful tissular…”

Section: Phenotypic Endosymbiosis In Tissues Cytoplasm and In Cell Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

From rejection to symbiosis. Human-infectious agents relations : a general theory of physiology and pathology. The contribution of tropical medicine.

Parc

Vitrac²,

Cambus³

2021

Academia Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, the word symbiosis (from the Greek Sumbiōsis) is used in its original sense and refers to all organisms which interact with each other, whether this association is beneficial, neutral or harmful to the host (mutualism, commensalism and parasitism). Symbiosis is found in every aspect of the living world. It is seen between infectious agents, in tropical disease vectors, in the human body and in illnesses. Immune-dependent symbiosis between infectious agents and the host is an opposite and complementary mechanism to defense and rejection immunity. This duality is found in many biological functions. Our comprehensive, compelling theory provides an overview of the different sites and mechanisms where symbiosis may occur. These symbioses are ongoing, fourdimensional evolutionary processes. They are gradually shifting away from phenotypic symbioses, including exosymbioses (metazoans, protozoa, yeasts, bacteria, viruses), tissular endosymbioses (metazoans, yeast), toward cytoplasmic and nuclear endosymbioses (protozoa, yeasts, bacteria, RNA viruses), before finally arriving at genomic endosymbioses (mitochondrial DNA, DNA viruses, retroviruses, transposable elements), which is the ultimate goal of symbiotic evolution, giving rise to new human genes. The phenotype/genotype boundary is thus traversable. A immunological process that initially takes an immunopathologic inflammatory form, but develops into a non-inflammatory immuno-physiological state. A process that leads from parasitism to mutualism and commensalism, and ultimately to the emergence of new species. This article hinges on the primary author's extensive experience in tropical medicine allied with meticulous bibliographic research. Our intention is to offer a fresh perspective on the different forms of physiological and pathological symbioses in humans and illustrate them with examples. The general control mechanisms of symbiosis are discussed including immune tolerance and rejection. Innate immunity requires an assumption about the evolutionary mechanisms involved in recognition of immune innate material.In adaptive immunity we develop the hypothetical role of antibody dependent cell tolerance (ADCT) in which cytophilic antibodies support immune-dependent symbiosis. This includes then the crucial role of growth and differentiation factors in symbiotic mechanisms. We will list ten areas of research and application in fundamental science (self-genomics, immune innate material), epidemiology, prevention (nuclear endomembrane, symbiogenic vaccination) and treatment (including differentiation therapy), which bring together internists, infectious disease specialists, oncologists, biologists, immunologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, nutritionists, botanists and evolutionary scientists.

show abstract

“…There is some evidence that when in¯ammation occurs it is granulomatous (Baird et al, 1988;Basset et al, 1991). Live adults induce little host response and pathologic ®ndings are rare (Baird et al, 1987). Occasionally, cerebrospinal¯uid and urine contain micro®lariae.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood‐borne Filarial Infections: Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi , Brugia timori , Loa loa , Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi

Nutman

2001

Principles and Practise of Clinical Parasitology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adult Mansonella perstans in the Abdominal Cavity in Nine Africans

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Successful long-term maintenance of Mansonella perstans in an in vitro culture system

Successful long-term maintenance of Mansonella perstans in an in vitro culture system

From rejection to symbiosis. Human-infectious agents relations : a general theory of physiology and pathology. The contribution of tropical medicine.

Blood‐borne Filarial Infections: Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi , Brugia timori , Loa loa , Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About