Adult picky eating. Phenomenology, taste sensitivity, and psychological correlates

Kauer, Jane; Pelchat, Marcia Levin; Rozin, Paul; Zickgraf, Hana F.

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.001

Cited by 127 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, agreement with this single selection item has been used to identify picky eaters in both childhood (e.g., [17, 22]) and adulthood (e.g., [18, 34]). Some of these authors used a True/False response scale, whereas others selected picky and non-picky eaters based on extreme responses on a Likert scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adult picky eaters score higher than peers on measures of depression and obsessive compulsive disorder symptom severity, and report lower eating-related quality of life [18, 34]. Because it is likely that only the most severe picky eating is actually impairing, we hypothesize that picky eaters with ARFID symptoms will report more OCD and internalizing symptoms, and greater eating related quality of life impairment than picky eaters without these symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Picky eaters across the lifespan eat from a narrow range of preferred foods (e.g., fewer than 20 different foods), refuse to try new foods (e.g., neophobia), are rigid and particular about the ways in which preferred foods are prepared or presented, and report heightened sensitivity to sensation across sensory modalities (e.g., [6, 7, 10, 14, 17, 18, 22, 30, 34]). Severity of picky eating has yet to be behaviorally defined; if picky eaters who report more neophobia, dietary rigidity, and sensory sensitivity, and eat from a narrow range of foods, are more likely to also report ARFID symptoms, this supports the hypothesis that more pronounced picky eating behavior is a marker of picky eating severity and risk for ARFID.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severity of picky eating has yet to be behaviorally defined; if picky eaters who report more neophobia, dietary rigidity, and sensory sensitivity, and eat from a narrow range of foods, are more likely to also report ARFID symptoms, this supports the hypothesis that more pronounced picky eating behavior is a marker of picky eating severity and risk for ARFID. In the present study, picky eaters with and without ARFID are compared to participants who report disordered eating attitudes and to typical eaters, on measures of food neophobia, eating inflexibility, sensory sensitivity, and eating from a narrow range of foods (fewer than 20 individual foods; e.g., [18]). We hypothesize that these variables will distinguish picky eaters from typical eaters and those with disordered eating attitudes, and participants with ARFID symptoms less severe picky eaters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adult picky eaters with symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: comparable distress and comorbidity but different eating behaviors compared to those with disordered eating symptoms

2016

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Background: One presentation of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is characterized by picky eating, i.e., selective eating based on the sensory properties of food. The present study has two aims. The first is to describe distress and impairment in individuals with ARFID secondary to picky eating. The second is to determine whether eating behaviors hypothesized to be specific to picky eating can differentiate picky eaters with and without ARFID from typical eaters (e.g., individuals not reporting picky or disordered eating) and individuals who strongly endorse attitudes associated with anorexia and bulimia (eating disordered attitudes). Methods: Participants were recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 325) and an online support group for adult picky eaters (N = 81). Participants were grouped based on endorsement of picky eating, ARFID symptoms, and elevated eating disordered attitudes on the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). The resulting four eating behavior groups were compared on measures of distress and impairment (e.g., anxiety/depression and, obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms, eating-related quality of life) and on measures of eating behaviors associated with picky eating (e.g., food neophobia, inflexibility about preparation and presentation of preferred foods, sensitivity to sensory stimuli, and eating from a very narrow range of foods). The groups were compared using one way ANOVA with post-hoc Tamhane's T2 tests. Results: On measures of distress and impairment, participants with ARFID reported higher scores than both typical eaters and picky eaters without ARFID, and comparable scores to those with disordered eating attitudes. Three of four measures of picky eating behavior, eating inflexibility, food neophobia, and eating from a range of 20 or fewer foods, distinguished picky eaters with and without ARFID form typical eaters and those with disordered eating attitudes. Picky eaters with ARFID reported greater food neophobia and eating inflexibility, and were more likely to eat from a narrow range of foods, compared to picky eaters without ARFID.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Adult picky eaters with symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: comparable distress and comorbidity but different eating behaviors compared to those with disordered eating symptoms

2016

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“…Indeed, there is evidence that adults who self-identify as picky eaters rate both bitter and sweet solutions as significantly more intense than do those who do not identify as picky eaters. 46 Similarly, children whose parents describe them as “fussy” eaters are more likely to be classified as supertasters—by perceiving to 6-N-Propylthiouracil (PROP) to be extremely bitter—compared to non-fussy children. 47 …”

Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: a Three-Dimensional Model of Neurobiology with Implications for Etiology and Treatment

Thomas

Lawson

Micali

et al. 2017

Curr Psychiatry Rep

251

233

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Purpose of review: DSM-5 defined Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) as a failure to meet nutritional needs leading to low weight, nutritional deficiency, dependence on supplemental feedings, and/or psychosocial impairment. We summarize what is known about ARFID and introduce a three-dimensional model to inform research. Recent findings: Because ARFID prevalence, risk factors, and maintaining mechanisms are not known, prevailing treatment approaches are based on clinical experience rather than data. Furthermore, most ARFID research has focused on children, rather than adolescents or adults. We hypothesize a three-dimensional model wherein neurobiological abnormalities in sensory perception, homeostatic appetite, and negative valence systems underlie the three primary ARFID presentations of sensory sensitivity, lack of interest in eating, and fear of aversive consequences, respectively. Summary: Now that ARFID has been defined, studies investigating risk factors, prevalence, and pathophysiology are needed. Our model suggests testable hypotheses about etiology and highlights cognitive-behavioral therapy as one possible treatment.

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Longitudinal study of gut microbiome in obsessive–compulsive disorder

et al. 2023

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IntroductionPatients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) often have limited exposure to a diverse environment and perform repetitive compulsions such as excessive cleaning and washing, which could lead to altered gut microbiome. Therefore, longitudinal studies that investigate changes in gut microbiome before and after cognitive behavioral therapy based on exposure and response prevention (ERP) are warranted.MethodsAll study participants (N = 64) underwent a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview prior to inclusion. Nutritional intake was assessed with a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire. Stool samples were collected from OCD patients before ERP (n = 32) and 1 month after completion of ERP (n = 15), as well as from healthy controls (HCs; n = 32). Taxonomic and functional analyses were performed using data from microbiome whole genome sequencing.ResultsPatients with OCD at baseline reported consuming significantly less fiber than HCs (R2 = .12, F(2, 59) = 5.2, p ≤ .01). There were no significant differences in α‐ and β‐diversity indices, or taxonomic dissimilarities at the species level between patients with OCD and HCs, or within patients before and after ERP. Functional profiling based on gut microbial gene expression was grouped into 56 gut–brain modules with neuroactive potential. None of the gut–brain modules differed significantly in expression between patients with OCD at baseline and HCs or within patients before and after ERP.ConclusionsThe diversity, composition, and functional profile of the gut microbiome in patients with OCD did not differ significantly from HCs and remained stable over time, despite behavioral changes.

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Adult picky eating. Phenomenology, taste sensitivity, and psychological correlates

Abstract: Implications of findings for the future study of the correlates and mechanisms of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder are discussed.

Cited by 127 publications

References 38 publications

Adult picky eaters with symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: comparable distress and comorbidity but different eating behaviors compared to those with disordered eating symptoms

Adult picky eaters with symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: comparable distress and comorbidity but different eating behaviors compared to those with disordered eating symptoms

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: a Three-Dimensional Model of Neurobiology with Implications for Etiology and Treatment

Longitudinal study of gut microbiome in obsessive–compulsive disorder

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