Advance in Methodology and Strategies To Unveil Metabolic Mechanisms of Pesticide Residues in Food Crops

Abstract

Pesticide residues are a food safety concern. A good detection method is critical for rapid and accurate determination of pesticide metabolites in crops and studying metabolism. The pretreatment methods have mainly been ultrasonic extraction−solidphase extraction and QuEChERS, while detection methods have been radio-chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. This perspective briefed the progress of analytical methods used for studying pesticide transformation in crops over the past decade. With the combination of the characteristics of the pesticide molecular structure and the transformation principles of pesticides in crops, we presented specific methods for elucidating new metabolites and the approaches to identify metabolites using multi-high-resolution mass spectrometry.

S-Glycosylation of Fluensulfone in Tomatoes: An Important Way of Fluensulfone Metabolism

“…The possible reasons are that the content is too low to be detected or that the glycosylation is too rapid or that direct molecular modification for FSF occurs during the glycosylation, or that the intermediate metabolites cannot be detected due to the defective detection methods. 6 CT S-MGLU is the malonylated metabolite of CT S-GLU. The malonylation of glycosides has important biological significance.…”

“…Fresh tissues of tomato seedlings were ground with liquid nitrogen. FSF in sample powder (about 5 g , the specific weight needs to be accurately weighed with an analytical balance) was extracted using 30 mL of acetone–water (3:1, v / v ) by ultrasonic extraction for 30 min. , After centrifugation, the supernatant was collected. The extraction operation was repeated in triplicate, and the volumes of the second and third extraction solvents were 20 and 15mL, respectively.…”

“…In our previous report, we have reviewed the methods to detect metabolites of pesticides in plants. 6 In this article, we use the exact mass summation method combined with background subtraction to create "potential metabolite library" (Tables 1 and S1). This provides support for us to discover and quantify the metabolites of FSF from the numerous compounds in the plant matrix.…”

“…The metabolism of hazardous xenobiotic in plants often goes through four ways, including phase I (simple functional group changes), phase II (conjugation with plant endogenous compounds), phase III (transport), and noncanonical phase IV (other reactions). , This article will focus on the structural changes of FSF and the formation of their conjugates in different tissues of tomato. In plants, xenobiotics with hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amino groups can lose a water molecule through glycosylation to form a conjugate to increase their solubility in the cytoplasm for transport and sequestration .…”

“…In our previous report, we have reviewed the methods to detect metabolites of pesticides in plants . In this article, we use the exact mass summation method combined with background subtraction to create “potential metabolite library” (Tables and S1).…”