Advance on the FlavonoidC-glycosides and Health Benefits

Abstract

The dietary flavonoids, especially their glycosides, are the most vital phytochemicals in diets and are of great general interest due to their diverse bioactivity. Almost all natural flavonoids exist as their O-glycoside or C-glycoside forms in plants. The dietary flavonoid C-glycosides have received less attention than their corresponding O-glycosides. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding flavonoid C-glycosides and their influence on human health. Among the flavonoid C-glycosides, flavone C-glycosides, especially vitexin, isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin and their multiglycosides are more frequently mentioned than others. Flavonoid C-monoglycosides are poorly absorbed in human beings with very few metabolites in urine and blood and are deglycosylated and degraded by human intestinal bacteria in colon. However, flavonoid C-multiglycosides are absorbed unchanged in the intestine and distributed to other tissues. Flavonoid C-glycosides showed significant antioxidant activity, anticancer and antitumor activity, hepatoprotective activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-diabetes activity, antiviral activity, antibacterial and antifungal activity, and other biological effects. It looks like that the C-glycosylflavonoids in most cases showed higher antioxidant and anti-diabetes potential than their corresponding O-glycosylflavonoids and aglycones. However, there is a lack of in vivo data on the biological benefits of flavonoid C-glycosides. It is necessary to investigate more on how flavonoid C-glycosides prevent and handle the diseases.

Identification of flavonoids and chlorogenic acids in elm fruits from the genus Ulmus and their antioxidant activity

“…The fruits of U. lamellose and U. laciniata were rich in C ‐glycosyl apigenins, including Ap‐6,8‐di‐ C ‐Glc (peak 8 ), Ap‐6‐ C ‐Glc‐8‐ C ‐Xyl (peak 11 ), and Ap‐6‐ C ‐Glc‐8‐ C ‐Ara (peak 12 ). In recent years, flavonoid C ‐glycosides have been drawing much more attention in research because they exhibit a wide range of benefits for human health .…”

Phytochemical Characterization of Terminalia catappa Linn. Extracts and Their antifungal Activities against Candida spp.

“…Flavonoids, especially their glycosides, are of great general interest due to their diverse bioactivity. Flavonoid C-glycosides, obtained from different types of plans, have shown significant antioxidant activity, anticancer, and antitumor activity, hepatoprotective activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-diabetes activity, antiviral activity, antibacterial, and antifungal activity, and other biological effects (Xiao et al, 2016). …”

Antioxidant and Anti-tyrosinase Activities of Phenolic Extracts from Rape Bee Pollen and Inhibitory Melanogenesis by cAMP/MITF/TYR Pathway in B16 Mouse Melanoma Cells

“…Phenolics recently received much attention for its wide range of different function, including antioxidant (Khatun et al, 2016; Xiao et al, 2016), anti-aging (Zhuang et al, 2017), antimicrobial (Alkan and Yemenicioǧlu, 2016), anti-diabetic (Xiao and Högger, 2015; Xiao et al, 2015), anti-hyperlipidemia (Sarma et al, 2016), hepatoprotective (Ma et al, 2015), and anti-inflammatory effects (Xiao, 2015). In addition, several researchers have reported the anti-tyrosinase and melanogenesis-inhibitory activities of various phenolic resources, including soybean (Shukla et al, 2016), Ornithogalum narbonense (Zengin et al, 2015), Mentha (Fatiha et al, 2015), and wild edible mushroom (Kaewnarin et al, 2016).…”