Advanced Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Energy Conversion Technologies

The development of dual catalysts with high efficiency toward oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) in acidic media is a significant challenge. Here an active and durable dual catalyst based upon cubic Pt39Ir10Pd11 nanocages with an average edge length of 12.3 nm, porous walls as thin as 1.0 nm, and well‐defined {100} facets is reported. The trimetallic nanocages perform better than all the reported dual catalysts in acidic media, with a low ORR‐OER overpotential gap of only 704 mV at a Pt‐Ir‐Pd loading of 16.8 µgPt+Ir+Pd cm−2geo. For ORR at 0.9 V, when benchmarked against the commercial Pt/C and Pt‐Pd nanocages, the trimetallic nanocages exhibit an enhanced mass activity of 0.52 A mg−1Pt+Ir+Pd (about four and two times as high as those of the Pt/C and Pt‐Pd nanocages) and much improved durability. For OER, the trimetallic nanocages show a remarkable mass activity of 0.20 A mg−1Pt+Ir at 1.53 V, which is 16.7 and 4.3 fold relative to those of the Pt/C and Pt‐Pd nanocages, respectively. These improvements can be ascribed to the highly open structure of the nanocages, and the possible electronic coupling between Ir and Pt atoms in the lattice.

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“…[ 17 ] From the aspect of industrial application, more attention should be paid to membrane–electrode‐assembly (MEA) and full‐cell tests. [ 18 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt‐Ir‐Pd Trimetallic Nanocages as a Dual Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in Acidic Media

Zhu

Xie

Chen

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

115

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“…For PEMFCs and metal-air batteries, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode are the main reactions of electrochemical conversion. [14][15][16][17] However, the sluggish kinetics for these two reactions restricts the further application of PEMFCs and metal-air batteries. Therefore, it is particularly important to design catalysts with enhanced activity, high efficiency and high stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Defect‐rich Transition Metal Oxides and Their Energy‐Related Applications

Wang

Liang

Zheng

et al. 2020

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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The applications of many energy-related electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices are changing with each passing day. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are the key steps in the commercial application of these energy conversion/storage equipment. Defect-rich transition metal oxides (TMOs), such as Co, Mn, Fe, Ni, etc., have always been one of the most promising electrocatalysts, which are cheap, easy to obtain, high in catalytic activity and stable during electrocatalysis. In this review, we first introduce the definition, classification, characteristics, and construction of defects. Then, the latest developments of defect-rich TMO electrocatalysts in electro-catalysis and energy conversion storage device is summarized. Furthermore, the relationship between defects and activity and the potential mechanism are also discussed. The defects in defect-rich TMOs can adjust the surface/interface electronic structure of the electrocatalyst, change the adsorption energy of the intermediate product, or increase the intrinsic catalytic activity of active sites, which are beneficial for enhanced catalytic performance. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of defect-rich TMO electrocatalysts are proposed. Therefore, the introduction of defects in TMO will be a potential strategy for the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts in the future.

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“…These costs include non-commercial fine chemicals, expensive processing equipment, and long synthesis cycles [31]. Furthermore, the additional issues associated with catalysts in fuel cells have not been addressed, such as oxygen transport, structural design, and optimization of the test conditions [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass production of high-performance single atomic FeNC electrocatalysts via sequenced ultrasonic atomization and pyrolysis process

Wang

Deng

et al. 2020

Sci. China Mater.

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Mass production of highly efficient, durable, and inexpensive single atomic catalysts is currently the major challenge associated with the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for fuel cells. In this study, we develop a general strategy that uses a simple ultrasonic atomization coupling with pyrolysis and calcination process to synthesize single atomic FeNC catalysts (FeNC SACs) at large scale. The microstructure characterizations confirm that the active centers root in the single atomic Fe sites chelating to the four-fold pyridinic N atoms. The identified specific Fe active sites with the variable valence states facilitate the transfer of electrons, endowing the FeNC SACs with excellent electrochemical ORR activity. The FeNC SACs were used as cathode catalysts in a homemade Zn-air battery, giving an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.43 V, which is substantially higher than that of commercial Pt/C catalysts. This study provides a simple approach to the synthesis of single atomic catalysts at large scale.

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Advanced Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Energy Conversion Technologies

Cited by 722 publications

References 122 publications

Pt‐Ir‐Pd Trimetallic Nanocages as a Dual Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in Acidic Media

Pt‐Ir‐Pd Trimetallic Nanocages as a Dual Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in Acidic Media

Recent Progress on Defect‐rich Transition Metal Oxides and Their Energy‐Related Applications

Mass production of high-performance single atomic FeNC electrocatalysts via sequenced ultrasonic atomization and pyrolysis process

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