Advanced materials of printed wearables for physiological parameter monitoring

Sreenilayam, Sithara P.; Ahad, Inam Ul; Nicolosi, Valeria; Garzon, Victor Acinas; Brabazon, Dermot

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2019.08.005

Cited by 130 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 579 publications

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“…In recent years, printed electronics have found their way into commercial applications with the aim to make electronic applications cheaper, flexible and integrable in all sorts of materials and wearables [1][2][3]. The growing significance of printed electronics is mainly due to their high potential for cost-efficient mass manufacturing and a high degree of customisation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Sheet Resistance of Inkjet-Printed Ag-Layers on Flexible, Uncoated Paper Substrates Using Van-der-Pauw’s Method

Zikulnig

Roshanghias

Rauter

et al. 2020

Sensors

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With the growing significance of printed sensors on the electronics market, new demands on quality and reproducibility have arisen. While most printing processes on standard substrates (e.g., Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) are well-defined, the printing on substrates with rather porous, fibrous and rough surfaces (e.g., uncoated paper) contains new challenges. Especially in the case of inkjet-printing and other deposition techniques that require low-viscous nanoparticle inks the solvents and deposition materials might be absorbed, inhibiting the formation of homogeneous conductive layers. As part of this work, the sheet resistance of sintered inkjet-printed conductive silver (Ag-) nanoparticle cross structures on two different, commercially available, uncoated paper substrates using Van-der-Pauw's method is evaluated. The results are compared to the conductivity of well-studied, white heat stabilised and treated PET foil. While the sheet resistance on PET substrate is highly reproducible and the variations are solely process-dependent, the sheet resistance on uncoated paper depends more on the substrate properties themselves. The results indicate that the achievable conductivity as well as the reproducibility decrease with increasing substrate porosity and fibrousness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Sheet Resistance of Inkjet-Printed Ag-Layers on Flexible, Uncoated Paper Substrates Using Van-der-Pauw’s Method

Zikulnig

Roshanghias

Rauter

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…[105,240,241] Several aspects should be considered when formulating the functional ink, such as improving the wettability on the substrate surface while suppressing the undesired spreading of ink and reducing the coffee-ring effect. [73,74,111,157,182] Surfactants are widely used to assist the preparation of functional nanomaterials and stabilize these nanomaterials dispersed in organic or aqueous solvents. [242,243] The coating of surfactant molecules could prevent the aggregation of nanomaterials due to electrostatic and/or steric repulsion effect.…”

Section: Functional Materials For Ink-based Am Of Wearable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[251] Appropriate solvents also have to be selected for modulating the solubility and printability of the ink. [73] In addition, the solvent orthogonality between adjacent layers (a feature of multiink printing where the solvent used for one layer will dissolve one material but not the materials in the neighboring layers) is particularly crucial for multilayer structure printing. [104,252] The solvent orthogonality ensures that the solvent used for one layer will not dissolve the materials deposited in the adjacent layers using other solvents.…”

Section: Functional Materials For Ink-based Am Of Wearable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Human-integrated devices include wearable and implantable devices for monitoring vital human signals or interacting with the human body. [1-3] The human-integrated devices needed to be tethered to the organs or the human skin for implementing their functions such as sensing and energy harvesting. [4-18] The economical, agile, customizable manufacturing, and integration of multifunctional device modules into networked systems with mechanical compliance and robustness will enable unprecedented human-integrated smart wearables [19-23] and usher in exciting opportunities in emerging technologies such as electronics, [24-29] wearable computation, [30-36] human-machine interface, [37-42] robotics, [43-48] and advanced healthcare. [49-54] The fabrication of stateof-the-art microelectronics involves hightemperature processing steps, which are generally incompatible with the flexible substrates (e.g., paper, polymer, fiber, etc.) [55-61] widely used in the wearable devices. Moreover, the current microfabrication technologies are not well positioned to process the emerging functional nanomaterials (e.g., nanowires [NWs] and 2D materials). [62-65] Such incomparability severely limits the pace of deploying these emerging materials (despite their unprecedented properties) in wearable and flexible device technologies. The additive manufacturing (AM) processes have emerged as potential candidates for addressing the earlier limitations of the current microfabrication technologies in fabricating flexible/wearable printed devices with diversified functionalities, e.g., energy harvesting/storage, sensing, actuation, and computation, leveraging advantages such as maskless processing, versatile ink formulation, low cost, low processing temperature, and scalability. [66-71] Researchers have devoted tremendous efforts to develop the related technologies, and several reviews have provided excellent discussions on the material formulation and process aspects of AM techniques. [63,72-79] However, to our best knowledge, there are few review reports about the ink-based additive nanomanufacturing of functional materials for human-integrated smart wearables. To fill this gap, here we review the recent progress in ink-based

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“…An example can be adhesion to the skin surface in monitoring human vital functions [6,8,9]. This is also important from the point of view of the mechanical durability of electronics elements applied on textile substrates [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain a regular grid of voxels evenly distributed on the material surface, the fast-smoothing spline method described in [60] was selected for data approximation with a minimal smoothing level. This method is based on forward and inverse discrete cosine transform (DCT), and can be expressed as an iterative convergent process defined in Equations (10) and (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Morphology Analysis of Metallic Structures Formed on Flexible Textile Composite Substrates

Korzeniewska

Sekulska‐Nalewajko

Gocławski

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This paper compares methods for measuring selected morphological features on the surface of thin metallic layers applied to flexible textile substrates. The methods were tested on a silver layer with a thickness of several hundred nanometers, which was applied to a textile composite with the trade name Cordura. Measurements were carried out at the micro scale using both optical coherent tomography (OCT) and the traditional contact method of using a profilometer. Measurements at the micro-scale proved the superiority of the OCT method over the contact method. The method of contactless measurement employs a dedicated algorithm for three-dimensional surface image analysis and does not affect the delicate surface structure of the measured layer in any way. Assessment of the surface profile of textile substrates and the thin films created on them, is important when estimating the contact angle, wetting behavior, or mechanical durability of the created metallic structure that can be used as the electrodes or elements of wearable electronics or textronics systems.

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Advanced materials of printed wearables for physiological parameter monitoring

Cited by 130 publications

References 579 publications

Evaluation of the Sheet Resistance of Inkjet-Printed Ag-Layers on Flexible, Uncoated Paper Substrates Using Van-der-Pauw’s Method

Evaluation of the Sheet Resistance of Inkjet-Printed Ag-Layers on Flexible, Uncoated Paper Substrates Using Van-der-Pauw’s Method

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

Surface Morphology Analysis of Metallic Structures Formed on Flexible Textile Composite Substrates

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