Advanced Substrate Fabrication for Cell Microarrays

Hook, Andrew L.; Thissen, Helmut; Voelcker, Nicolas H.

doi:10.1021/bm801217n

Cited by 62 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Autofluorescence associated with unsaturated carbon bonds within the plasma polymers contributed to a significant background signal observed in these images. 32 The CLSM images were cross validated by the SEM images presented in Fig. 6(b) showing random distribution of cells over the ppOct coated surfaces.…”

Section: B Bacterial Attachment and Growth Of E Coli On Nanostructumentioning

confidence: 91%

Fabrication of a platform to isolate the influences of surface nanotopography from chemistry on bacterial attachment and growth

et al. 2015

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Billions of dollars are spent annually worldwide to combat the adverse effects of bacterial attachment and biofilm formation in industries as varied as maritime, food, and health. While advances in the fabrication of antifouling surfaces have been reported recently, a number of the essential aspects responsible for the formation of biofilms remain unresolved, including the important initial stages of bacterial attachment to a substrate surface. The reduction of bacterial attachment to surfaces is a key concept in the prevention or minimization of biofilm formation. The chemical and physical characteristics of both the substrate and bacteria are important in understanding the attachment process, but substrate modification is likely the most practical route to enable the extent of bacterial attachment taking place to be effectively controlled. The microtopography and chemistry of the surface are known to influence bacterial attachment. The role of surface chemistry versus nanotopography and their interplay, however, remain unclear. Most methods used for imparting nanotopographical patterns onto a surface also induce changes in the surface chemistry and vice versa. In this study, the authors combine colloidal lithography and plasma polymerization to fabricate homogeneous, reproducible, and periodic nanotopographies with a controllable surface chemistry. The attachment of Escherichia coli bacteria onto carboxyl (plasma polymerized acrylic acid, ppAAc) and hydrocarbon (plasma polymerized octadiene, ppOct) rich plasma polymer films on either flat or colloidal array surfaces revealed that the surface chemistry plays a critical role in bacterial attachment, whereas the effect of surface nanotopography on the bacterial attachment appears to be more difficult to define. This platform represents a promising approach to allow a greater understanding of the role that surface chemistry and nanotopography play on bacterial attachment and the subsequent biofouling of the surface.

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Section: B Bacterial Attachment and Growth Of E Coli On Nanostructumentioning

confidence: 91%

Fabrication of a platform to isolate the influences of surface nanotopography from chemistry on bacterial attachment and growth

et al. 2015

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“…This can be accomplished by functionalising the polymers being arrayed with a reactive functional group that, upon activation, covalently links the molecule to the surface. For example, amine functional polymers of interest were functionalised with a bi-functional linker containing both a N-hydroxysuccinimide activated ester and a phenyl azide group [62]. UV irradiation of the phenyl azide group formed a radical that would readily form a covalent linkage by inserting into the C-H bond, making this method applicable to any organic coating [62].…”

Section: Microarray Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, amine functional polymers of interest were functionalised with a bi-functional linker containing both a N-hydroxysuccinimide activated ester and a phenyl azide group [62]. UV irradiation of the phenyl azide group formed a radical that would readily form a covalent linkage by inserting into the C-H bond, making this method applicable to any organic coating [62]. However, this process cannot be applied to chemically inert materials and, furthermore, the presence of the linker may conflict with desired properties of the material in use.…”

Section: Microarray Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transfected cell microarrays are important for being able to study genomics in a high-throughput manner within living cells, where all the cellular machinery is present for post-transcriptional modifications. Polymer microarrays can assist the use of TCMs by directing cell attachment exclusively to regions where DNA has been arrayed [62]. The array consisted of plasmids encoding for either a GFP or a red fluorescing protein (RFP) in a checkerboard pattern.…”

Section: Assessment Of Biological Response To Microarraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High throughput methods applied in biomaterial development and discovery

et al. 2010

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The high throughput discovery of new materials can be achieved by rapidly screening many different materials synthesised by a combinatorial approach to identify the optimal material that fulfils a particular biomedical application. Here we review the literature in this area and conclude that for polymers, this process is best achieved in a microarray format, which enable thousands of cell-material interactions to be monitored on a single chip. Polymer microarrays can be formed by printing pre-synthesised polymers or by printing monomers onto the chip where on-slide polymerisation is initiated.The surface properties of the material can be analysed and correlated to the biological performance using high throughput surface analysis, including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. This approach enables the surface properties responsible for the success of a material to be understood, which in turn provides the foundations of future material design. The high throughput discovery of materials using polymer microarrays has been explored for many cell-based applications including the isolation of specific 2 cells from heterogeneous populations, the attachment and differentiation of stem cells and the controlled transfection of cells.Further development of polymerisation techniques and high throughput biological assays amenable to the polymer microarray format will broaden the combinatorial space and biological phenomenon that polymer microarrays can explore, and increase their efficacy. This will, in turn, result in the discovery of optimised polymeric materials for many biomaterial applications.

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“…Spots containing amine, hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups separated by methyl-terminated alkanethiols were shown to readily confine DNA containing water droplets. Hook et al [53] produced a chemical surface pattern containing both bioactive and low-fouling regions by printing phenylazide modified poly-L-lysine (PLL) onto a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coating using a robotic spotter. Subsequent Table 1 Overview of patterning techniques, their advantages and disadvantages, typical applications and the minimum resolution achieved.…”

Section: Contact and Non-contact Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%