Advanced utilization of as received and near whitened fly ash in polypropylene polymer to improve mechanical, notched impact and whiteness colour properties

Bandyopadhyay, Sri; Zaeni, Akhmad; Nath, Dilip Chandra Deb; Yu, Aibing; Zeng, Qinghua; Blackburn, Darryl; White, Chris

doi:10.1007/s12588-010-0011-5

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the past studies, the most common examples of using cenospheres as fillers can be found with epoxy resin and aluminum matrices [10,11]. Fly ash filled polypropylene and phenolic matrix composites have also been studied previously [12][13][14][15][16]. There has been significant interest in studying the wear characteristics of fly ash reinforced composites [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foams using an industrial scale polymer injection molding machine

et al. 2016

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Rapid production of high quality components is the key to cost reduction industrial applications.The present work is the first attempt of manufacturing syntactic foams, hollow particle filled lightweight composites, using an industrial scale injection molding machine. High density polyethylene (HDPE) is used as the matrix material and fly ash cenospheres are used as the filler. Development of syntactic foams with cenospheres serves dual purpose of beneficial utilization of industrial waste fly ash and reduction in the cost of the component. The pressure and temperature used in injection molding process are optimized to minimize fracture of cenospheres and obtain complete mixing of cenospheres with HDPE. The optimized parameters are used for manufacturing syntactic foams with 20, 40 and 60 wt.% cenospheres. With increasing cenosphere content, density and strength reduce and modulus increases. Surface modification of constituents results in rise in strength with increasing filler content. A theoretical model based on a differential scheme is used to estimate the properties of cenospheres by conducting parametric studies because of inherent difficulties in direct measurement of cenosphere properties. The potential for using the optimized injection molding process is demonstrated by casting several industrial components.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foams using an industrial scale polymer injection molding machine

et al. 2016

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“…Fly ash generally is spherical in shape, with sizes ranging typically from 10 to 90 µm . The major fraction of fly ash consists of solid spheres although there is a small proportion of hollow cenospheres . Chemically and mineralogically, fly ash is principally a vitreous aluminosilicate, containing various levels of alkalies, alkaline earths, transition metals, and some precipitated crystalline mullite (3Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ), the proportions of which depend on the coal composition and processing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General model for comparative tensile mechanical properties of composites fabricated from fly ash and virgin/recycled high-density polyethylene

et al. 2016

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The present work on the mechanical properties of 10 wt% fly ash additions in 2.5 wt% increments to recycled high-density polyethylene (RHDPE) synthesizes experimental data from three similar published reports. The present work shows, as a function of increasing fly ash addition level, maxima at the initial fly ash addition level of 2.5 wt% for the tensile elastic modulus (125%) and tensile strength (110%); a slight general increase in the yield stress (16%); and significant general decreases in the yield strain (261%), elongation at break (292%), and Charpy impact strength (255%). Combining these data with data for higher-level additions of fly ash ( 40 wt%/23 vol%) and cenospheres ( 39 vol%) to HDPE or RHDPE provides the basis for design parameters and a generalized model for the interpretation of failure of composites of hard brittle spherical dispersant additions in ductile polymeric matrices. The relevant load-extension plots are characterized by three behavioral regions: ductile deformation (dispersion strengthening and stress concentration), crazing (debonding and cavitation), and brittle failure (fibril failure). The locations of these regions and their transitions are a function of five dependent variables: dispersant volume, dispersant particle size, intrinsic flaw size (viz., dispersant size), generated flaw size (viz., void size), and interfacial bond strength and associated load transfer. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1096-1108, 2016. V C 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers The manufacturing of polymer matrix composites reinforced with particulate fillers is widespread. However, common fillers, such as calcium carbonate and silica [5][6][7], are relatively expensive, so their potential replacement by a lightweight and abundant waste material, such as fly ash, represents an attractive commercial application. The literature shows that such additions generally lead to selected progressive improvements in a range of properties relative to the matrix polymer. HDPE has important applications in many areas, including packaging, containers, bags, consumer hardgoods, pipes, electrical insulation, prosthetics, and biomedical implants [59,60]. Owing to the environmental and economic effects of the Correspondence to: I.I. Kabir;

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“…FA is usually solid, light to dark grey in color, spherical in shape; at times it is a cenosphere that is a hollow spherical shape [3]. FA is often divided into two classes: Class-F and Class-C on the basis of iron and calcium levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Fly Ash as Reinforcement in a Plastomer-Based Composite: A New Strategy in Value Addition to Thermal Power Station Fly Ash

Patil

Mahendran

Anandhan

2014

Silicon

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Class-F fly ash (FA) from a coal-fired thermal power station was subjected to high energy ball millinginduced mechanochemical activation aided by a surfactant. Subsequently, ethylene-octene copolymer/mechanochemically activated FA (EOC/MCA-FA) composites were prepared by solution casting. The surface modification of FA was confirmed from contact angle measurements and FTIR spectroscopy, which accounts for a good interaction between MCA-FA and the polymer matrix. X-ray diffraction reveals that the crystalline size of quartz phase present in FA got reduced, while the relative lattice strain on it increased during milling. Morphological studies revealed that interfacial adhesion between the polymer and MCA-FA is good and this accounts for the improvement in mechanical properties of the composites even at the minimum filler loading. Flame retardance of the matrix polymer is improved by the addition of either fresh FA or MCA-FA. The results imply that FA is a valuable reinforcing filler for ethylene-octene copolymer and its mechanochemical activation is an effective strategy for its future use.

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Advanced utilization of as received and near whitened fly ash in polypropylene polymer to improve mechanical, notched impact and whiteness colour properties

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Processing of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foams using an industrial scale polymer injection molding machine

Processing of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foams using an industrial scale polymer injection molding machine

General model for comparative tensile mechanical properties of composites fabricated from fly ash and virgin/recycled high-density polyethylene

Nanostructured Fly Ash as Reinforcement in a Plastomer-Based Composite: A New Strategy in Value Addition to Thermal Power Station Fly Ash

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