Advancements in antimicrobial nanoscale materials and self-assembling systems

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is directly responsible for more deaths per year than either HIV/AIDS or malaria and is predicted to incur a cumulative societal financial burden of at least $100 trillion between 2014 and 2050.

Controlling the structure of supramolecular fibre formation for benzothiazole based hydrogels with antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus

“…The mode of action for antimicrobial hydrogels such as those detailed herein, normal includes a mechanical action by which the material fibres are found to mechanically disrupt the microbial membrane. 9 The combination of fibre characteristics details for the NaCl heterogenous hydrogel of 4 , leads us to hypothesise that in comparison with those other SSA materials tested, these fibres would lack the physical properties necessary permeate the cell, hence leading to decreased antimicrobial activity.…”

“…Here the field of supramolecular chemistry has provided a number of unique systems, demonstrating the potential for development as antimicrobial agents into the clinic. [9][10][11] This includes the production of novel compounds that can selectively disrupt the bacterial membrane due to inherent differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cell structures. 12 This mode of antimicrobial action has been successfully targeted by researchers such as Vale and co-workers, who have developed a series of gemini serine-based surfactants that have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against several different MRSA strains.…”

“…Here the field of supramolecular chemistry has provided a number of unique systems, demonstrating the potential for development as antimicrobial agents into the clinic. 9–11…”

Drug-Free Antimicrobial Nanomotor for Precise Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections

“…Bacterial infections are seriously threatening human life and health worldwide, and people must pay great attention to them. − Currently, commonly used antimicrobial therapy is reliant on a broad-spectrum strategy, namely, the use of commercially available antibiotics, which, if overused, may generate multidrug-resistant bacteria or resistant biofilms. − As such, innovative antimicrobial research has become extremely significant . Despite drastic advances in developing different antibacterial agents (e.g., metal nanomedicine, − strong oxidant, , heat, ,, antimicrobial peptides, ,, or catalytic treatment − ) to avoid drug resistance, infections still often cannot be effectively treated, primarily because of the passive diffusion of these agents leading to poor or even no matter–bacteria interactions. − Therefore, improving the mobility of antibacterial agents to break the bottleneck in infection treatment is challenging.…”

Facile fabrication of two-dimensional iodine nanosheets for antibacterial therapy

“…The advent of nanotechnology has inspired the emergence of versatile antimicrobial agents, and numerous observations suggest that the physical parameters of nanomaterials, such as size and morphology, show significant influences on the bioavailability of antimicrobial nanosystems. 20,21 Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, carrying unique and specific morphologies, possess a much larger specific surface area, 22 which not only exposes more active sites to improve their bio-catalytic performance but also increases the interaction area of nanomaterials and cells to facilitate damage to bacterial integrity. 23 Moreover, the ultra-thin property can enable physical cutting of bacterial membranes to enhance the antibacterial activity.…”