Advancements in management of major fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in North Africa and future challenges: A review

Abstract

In North Africa as it is worldwide, fruit flies are of major concern for horticultural crops. Bioecology and future trends of fruit flies in North Africa have been reviewed recently in Boulahia-Kheder (2021). However, there is no recent review on their management in North Africa. Previously, in a review by Dias et al. (2018), the number of publications on fruit flies monitoring and control tactics, was 1-5 from Tunisia, 6-25 from Egypt and zero for Morocco, Algeria and Libya, while much research has been conducted in the last 15 years at least in the first three countries. Here, we consider mainly fruit flies management in Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco (Maghreb region) and Egypt, as publications from Mauritania and Libya are not available.In Maghreb, the main fruit fly species of economic concern is the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); it is a key pest on citrus, summer fruits namely peaches and increasingly autumn fruits, such as apples, pears and grapes (Boulahia-

Evaluation of chemosterility effect of different insect growth regulators on Bactrocera zonata population

“… 39 The demand for horticultural crops especially fruits free from the infestation of fruit flies is on rise around the world. 40 Although numerous control measures are in practice 41 yet there is always a demand for eco-friendly and effective management. 14 , 15 In this context, the use of chemosterilants has proven effective for the management of many insect pests including the species of fruit flies.…”

Less is more: Fewer attract-and-kill sites improve the male annihilation technique against Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…The true fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) comprise over 4,000 species, approximately 250 of which are serious agricultural pests of fleshy fruits and vegetables [1]. Established tephritid pests are commonly controlled through an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach that may incorporate mass trapping, application of synthetic insecticides and protein bait sprays, the release of natural enemies, the sterile insect technique (SIT), and the male annihilation technique (MAT) [2][3][4]. Despite improved management and regulatory strategies over the last century, the broad host range and high dispersal capability of many fruit flies along with increased global transport of people and goods have amplified the invasion threat of pest tephritids [5,6].…”

Determinants of Adoption and Dis-Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Practices in the Suppression of Mango Fruit Fly Infestation: Evidence from Embu County, Kenya

“…Fruit flies are considered the most important pests in the horticulture sector, not only in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but also in other parts of the world [1,2]. In particular, they are the most predominant pests in mango production due to the magnitude of the economic losses that they cause [1,2].…”

“…Fruit flies are considered the most important pests in the horticulture sector, not only in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but also in other parts of the world [1,2]. In particular, they are the most predominant pests in mango production due to the magnitude of the economic losses that they cause [1,2]. Fruit fly infestation attracts quarantine measures that prevent horticultural produce from accessing export markets, reducing foreign exchange earnings and farmers' net income [3].…”