Advances and prospects of porphyrin-based nanomaterials via self-assembly for photocatalytic applications in environmental treatment

Fabrication of heterostructured Pd-porphyrin MOFs/ZnIn2S4composites to boost photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation

“…Porphyrins are highly conjugated π-electron heterocyclic macromolecules, such as cytochromes and chlorophylls, widely found in natural animals and plants. 1,2 By virtue of larger specific surface areas, abundant pore channels, wide visible light absorption, and flexible structures, porphyrins have been applied in various fields, covering biomimetic chemistry, catalysis, and biological detection. [3][4][5] Porphyrins as functional molecules are usually used in homogeneous systems, which goes against sustainable recycling.…”

Bimetallic Porphyrin-Based Metal–Organic Framework as a Superior Photocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

“…1,2 The basic porphyrins are called porphins, in which all porphyrin derivatives have corresponding substituents at the mesoposition or β-position. 3,4 Common substituents include functional groups such as amino, 5 hydroxyl, 6 and carboxyl, 7 which are usually required and extremely important active sites for the formation of porphyrin-based MOFs. 8,9 In addition, the N−H group in the highly aromatic macrocycles of porphyrins is easily metallized, which also provides a good reactive site.…”

“…Porphyrins are tetraphenyl compounds with a structure highly similar to chlorophyll in plants and heme in animals, containing four pyrrole rings and the methylene group attached in the middle of the adjacent pyrrole ring. , The basic porphyrins are called porphins, in which all porphyrin derivatives have corresponding substituents at the meso-position or β-position. , Common substituents include functional groups such as amino, hydroxyl, and carboxyl, which are usually required and extremely important active sites for the formation of porphyrin-based MOFs. , In addition, the N–H group in the highly aromatic macrocycles of porphyrins is easily metallized, which also provides a good reactive site. , Therefore, in recent years, various types of porphyrin-based MOFs have been designed, synthesized, and widely applied in a variety of fields, embracing chemical detection, pharmaceutical therapy, , hydrogen production from decomposing water, carbon dioxide fixation, and selective transformation of organic compounds . Due to the abundant pore channels, good light absorption ability, and adjustable crystal structure, porphyrin-based MOFs displayed extraordinary properties in the field of photocatalysis. − However, the photocatalytic performance of monometallic modified porphyrin-based MOF is usually affected by the high recombination rate of photoinduced electron hole pairs.…”

Hierarchically Organized Cocrystal of Tetra‐Anionic Porphyrin and Di‐Cationic Viologen: Ion Conformations, Supramolecule Interactions, and Porphyrin Arrays

“…[7] Inspired by these natural phenomena, researchers have focused on constructing such hierarchically ordered architectures of porphyrins and developing their advanced applications by co-assembly strategy. Ionic coassembly can expediently build hierarchically ordered architectures, [8] facilitate the well-organized arrangement of porphyrins, [9] and enhance the sunlight-harvesting capacities of porphyrins. [10] In a typical ionic co-assembly of porphyrins, the most frequently used porphyrin ions are tetra-ionic-porphyrins, such as, meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphyrin (TMPYP 4 + ), mesotetra(4-sulfonato-phenyl)-porphyrin (TSPP 4À ), meso-tetra(4carboxy-phenyl)-porphyrin (TCPP 4À ), and their diacid forms (H 2 TMPYP 6 + , H 2 TSPP 2À , H 2 TCPP 2À ).…”