Advances and Prospects of Sulfide All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries via One‐to‐One Comparison with Conventional Liquid Lithium Ion Batteries

Abstract

Owing to the safety issue of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) under the harsh operating conditions of electric vehicles and mobile devices, all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) that utilize inorganic solid electrolytes are regarded as a secure next‐generation battery system. Significant efforts are devoted to developing each component of ASSLBs, such as the solid electrolyte and the active materials, which have led to considerable improvements in their electrochemical properties. Among the various solid electrolytes such as sulfide, polymer, and oxide, the sulfide solid electrolyte is considered as the most promising candidate for commercialization because of its high lithium ion conductivity and mechanical properties. However, the disparity in energy and power density between the current sulfide ASSLBs and conventional LIBs is still wide, owing to a lack of understanding of the battery electrode system. Representative developments of ASSLBs in terms of the sulfide solid electrolyte, active materials, and electrode engineering are presented with emphasis on the current status of their electrochemical performances, compared to those of LIBs. As a rational method to realizing high energy sulfide ASSLBs, the requirements for the sulfide solid electrolytes and active materials are provided along through simple experimental demonstrations. Potential future research directions in the development of commercially viable sulfide ASSLBs are suggested.

Sulfide and Oxide Inorganic Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Li Batteries: A Review

“…Furthermore, the fundamentals of ASSBs were reviewed by several authors [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. The number of reviews on various aspects of electrolytes, cathodes, mechanical properties, and interface engineering has grown exponentially since 2018 [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ...…”

Ionic Conductivity of Low‐Crystalline Li4P2S6 and Li4P2S6–LiX (X=Cl, Br, and I) Systems and Their Role in Improved Positive Electrode Performance in All‐Solid‐State LiS Battery

“…Sulfide SEs, in particular, have high ionic conductivity and deformation property; consequently, they promote higher battery performance than oxide SEs. [1][2][3][4] Furthermore, it has been reported that super ionic conductive crystalline sulfide SEs exhibit extremely high ionic conductivities (> 10 À 2 S cm À 1 ), including Li 7 P 3 S 11 , [5] Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , [6] and Li 9.54 Si 1.74 P 1.44 S 11.7 Cl 0.3 . [7] Owing to their high deformation property, Li 2 SÀ P 2 S 5 glass electrolytes are important materials that improve the performance of batteries by facilitating good contact between the active material and the SE or between the SEs.…”

Rechargeable Battery Electrolytes Capable of Operating over Wide Temperature Windows and Delivering High Safety

“…As shown in Figure 6, SSEs can be classified into three types: 1) solid inorganic electrolytes (SIEs), i.e., ceramics and ceramic glasses; 2) solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs); and 3) composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs). [125,126] While solid-state batteries (SSBs) have shown considerable promise in the lab-scale, their realization is still challenging. [127][128][129][130] First, most SSEs perform well at HT (>60 °C), while RT and LT (<0 °C) operation remain a significant challenge.…”