Advances in Bioactivity of MicroRNAs of Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles and Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Abstract

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small noncoding RNA involved in physiological and pathological processes via the regulation of gene expression. Naked miRNAs are unstable and liable to degradation by RNases. Exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) secreted by plants and extracellular vesicles (EVs) found in milk are abundant in miRNAs, which can be carried by ELNs and EVs to target cells to exert their bioactivities. In this review, we describe the current understanding of miRNAs in plant ELNs and milk EVs, summarize their important roles in regulation of inflammation, intestinal barrier, tumors, and infantile immunological functions, and also discuss the adverse effect of EV miRNAs on human health. Additionally, we prospect recent challenges centered around ELN and EV miRNAs for interventional applications and provide insights of grain-derived ELNs and miRNAs interventional use in human health. Overall, plant ELNs and milk EVs can transfer miRNAs to mitigate the pathological status of recipient cells by mediating the expression of target genes but may also exert some side effects. More studies are required to elucidate the in-depth understanding of potential interventional effects of ELN and EV miRNAs on human health.

Cooked pork-derived exosome nanovesicles mediate metabolic disorder—microRNA could be the culprit

“…Current studies have shown that exosomes are widely found in foodstuffs, including vegetables, fruits [9], and milk [19]. However, the presence and function of exosomes in meat products remain unclear.…”

Cooked pork-derived exosome nanovesicles mediate metabolic disorder—microRNA could be the culprit

“…Current studies have shown that exosome is widely found in many foodstuffs such as vegetable, fruit [9], milk [19], etc,. However, few studies on the exosomes in meat products have been reported.…”

The Potential Use of Exosomes in Anti-Cancer Effect Induced by Polarized Macrophages

“…The recent studies suggest that a common dietary polyphenol EGCG regulates macrophage polarization via miRNAs that other cells secrete in response to EGCG stimulation, indicating a novel possible mechanism of the physiological regulation induced by dietary chemicals. In addition, plant-exosome-like nanovesicles and milk-derived extracellular vesicles are collecting attention for their physical stability and biosafety even though, here, an in-depth investigation of the roles of miRNA from various foods is still warranted to solve these challenges [ 115 ]. Taking this evidence into consideration, food intake can modulate immune systems to maintain healthy conditions by exosomes present in food or exosomal intercellular communication initiated from the stimulation by dietary compounds.…”