Advances in chronic rhinosinusitis in 2020 and 2021

Xu, Zhaofeng; Huang, Yanran; Delemarre, Tim; Cavaliere, Carlo; Zhang, Nan; Bachert, Claus

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.782

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…This inflammatory endotype is characterized by specific innate and adaptative immunity mediators, such as Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Th2 lymphocytes, and, as mentioned, a peculiar cytokine pattern: IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5 [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The recruiting and chronic activation of inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils, basophils, and mastocytes, lead to specific sinonasal symptoms and tissue remodeling, with nasal polyps formation [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Perspectives on Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Evaluating Recurrence Rates after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in the Biologics Era—A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Cavaliere,

Masieri,

Begvarfaj

et al. 2024

JPM

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Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disease with multifactorial etiopathogenesis. This study investigated the recurrence rate and risk factors predicting recurrence in patients subjected to Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) for CRSwNP. Methods: Patients affected by CRSwNP who underwent FESS between January 2015 and March 2020 were enrolled. The recurrence rate and the influence of risk factors were assessed. Results: A total of 154 patients were included, 100 males and 54 females, aged 14–82 years (mean age 51.96 ± 16.27; median 52 years). Of 154 patients, 28 presented CRSwNP recurrence in a follow-up period ranging from 6 months to 69 months, with a recurrence rate of 18.2%. The recurrence rate was higher in patients aged between 31 and 50 years and between 51 and 70 years at the time of surgery than in those aged between 14 and 30 years and over 70 years. Furthermore, most patients with recurrence were men (61%), while 39% were women. A higher recurrence rate was observed between non-smokers (50%) and ex-smokers (36%), while only 14% declared themselves habitual smokers. Only four subjects (14%) had a positive family history of CRSwNP. Conclusion: To date, no specific biomarkers have been identified in order to determine the appropriate therapy for the patients affected by CRSwNP. Based on our results, we suggest that it is necessary for an accurate assessment of the CRSwNP patients to identify which phenotype/endotype each subject manifests based on medical history, endoscopy, computed tomography, and a laboratory evaluation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Perspectives on Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Evaluating Recurrence Rates after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in the Biologics Era—A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Cavaliere,

Masieri,

Begvarfaj

et al. 2024

JPM

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“…On the other hand, non-type 2 CRS had more neutrophilic inflammation and IL-8 [14]. According to the results of studies about CRS endotypes and biomarkers, the medical treatment of CRS requires customization by patients, including corticosteroids, antibiotics, and biologicals [15]. Appropriate medical therapy for CRS includes a combination of treatments such as intranasal corticosteroid spray, short-term oral corticosteroids, and nasal saline irrigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Action and Clinical Efficacy of Low-Dose Long-Term Macrolide Therapy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Ryu

Lee

Park

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Various chronic inflammatory airway diseases can be treated with low-dose, long-term (LDLT) macrolide therapy. LDLT macrolides can be one of the therapeutic options for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. Currently, various immunomodulatory mechanisms of the LDLT macrolide treatment have been reported, as well as their antimicrobial properties. Several mechanisms have already been identified in CRS, including reduced cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, inhibition of neutrophil recruitment, decreased mucus secretion, and increased mucociliary transport. Although some evidence of effectiveness for CRS has been published, the efficacy of this therapy has been inconsistent across clinical studies. LDLT macrolides are generally believed to act on the non-type 2 inflammatory endotype of CRS. However, the effectiveness of LDLT macrolide treatment in CRS is still controversial. Here, we reviewed the immunological mechanisms related to CRS in LDLT macrolide therapy and the treatment effects according to the clinical situation of CRS.

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“…Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE mediated allergic reaction of nasal respiratory mucosa to allergen which are present in air both indoor and outdoor. Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is characterized by nasal discharge, sneezing, nasal itching and obstruction 2,3 . Rhinosinusitis is clinically defined as inflammation of nose and paranasal sinus which is characterized by minimum two or more symptoms which includes rhinorrhea (anterior or posterior), nasal congestion, nasal stuffiness, facial pain and hyposmia combined with diagnostic findings on nasal endoscopy or CT scan as stated by the European position paper on Rhinosinusitis and nasal polyp (EPOS) 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Umar¹,

Mushwani²,

Jawad³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

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Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disorder of the nose and paranasal sinuses lasting for 12 weeks or longer. Aim: To explore the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and common allergens in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Methods: The study was conducted in Department of ENT at Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital Islamabad from April 2021 to March 2022. On the basis of inclusion criterion, one hundred patients of CRS included in this study. All patients met the diagnostic criteria for CRS through, history, nasoendoscopic examination, and radiological findings. Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed on the basis of skin prick test (SPT). All patients who were operated for CRS were excluded from the study. Results: Male and female ratio was almost equal with slight male predominance. The incidence of polypoidal CRS and non-polypoidal CRS was 52 (52%) and 48 (48%) respectively. Almost two third of polypoidal CRS patients suffered from severe disease based on Nasoendoscopic examination and radiological findings (CT-Scan). The commonest presenting symptoms were nasal discharge and nasal blockage effecting around 92% and 91% patients respectively. Skin prick test (SPT) showed 73% patients were suffering from allergic rhinitis with pet dander being the most common allergen. Conclusion: Chronic Rhinosinusitis is a common disease and majority of patients develop CRS secondary to allergic reaction. Early diagnosis of allergic rhinitis with identification of specific allergens and its management can help in prevention of CRS. Keywords: Allergic rhinitis (AR), Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), Sinunasal Polyposis, non-allergic rhinitis, Skin prick test (SPT)

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Advances in chronic rhinosinusitis in 2020 and 2021

Cited by 18 publications

References 159 publications

Long-Term Perspectives on Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Evaluating Recurrence Rates after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in the Biologics Era—A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Long-Term Perspectives on Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Evaluating Recurrence Rates after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in the Biologics Era—A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

The Mechanism of Action and Clinical Efficacy of Low-Dose Long-Term Macrolide Therapy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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