Advances in CT Techniques in Vascular Calcification

Zhang, Lijie; Li, Lihua; Feng, Guoquan; Fan, Tingpan; Jiang, Han; Wang, Zhongqun

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.716822

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…With the emergence of multitarget tracking and optimization, the selection of two parts of the image cannot meet the needs of identifying information. Multiple thresholds are used to segment the image into multiple targets, which is conducive to the calculation of segmentation and reducing the complexity [18][19][20]. Among diverse image segmentation algorithms, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is preferred due to its simplicity, having multiple thresholds, and being widely utilized for image segmentation in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Clinical Efficacy of Anisodamine and Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Intractable Hiccup after Stroke

Wang

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the clinical efficacy of anisodamine combined with chlorpromazine on intractable hiccups after stroke. Methods. 150 patients admitted to Affiliated Hospital of the Hebei University of Engineering from 2017 to 2021 were selected as the research objects, all of which received the computed tomography (CT) examination. During CT examination, intelligent algorithms were used to segment the images. An unsupervised multilayer image threshold segmentation algorithm was proposed by using Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence and the modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm. All patients were divided into three groups, with each group of 50 patients. Patients in the control group (group A) took the calcium tablets, vitamin C tablets, and vitamin B1 tablets orally. Patients in the control group (group B) received the acupoint injection of anisodamine, and those in the observation group (group C) received the acupoint injection of anisodamine combined with chlorpromazine. The therapeutic effect and patient satisfaction of the three groups were compared. Results. The two-dimensional (2D) K-L divergence was applied for the multilayer segmentation of images, which was helpful to obtain accurate images. The MPSO algorithm was adopted to reduce the computational complexity. The total efficiency of group C was 98%, that of group B was 56%, and that of group A was 22%. The total efficiency and satisfaction rate of group C were signally better than those of group A and group B ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The combination of 2D K-L divergence and MPSO algorithm could improve the accuracy of multilayer image segmentation and CT imaging. Acupoint injection of anisodamine combined with chlorpromazine had better efficacy than the injection of anisodamine alone for the treatment of intractable hiccups after stroke, with high safety and clinical promotion value.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Clinical Efficacy of Anisodamine and Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Intractable Hiccup after Stroke

Wang

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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“…85 Moreover, the use of multiple virtual monoenergetic images can reduce blooming artifacts caused by highly dense calcification. 86…”

Section: Pcct and Dectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…85 Moreover, the use of multiple virtual monoenergetic images can reduce blooming artifacts caused by highly dense calcification. 86 From this perspective, PCCT holds great promise because the intrinsic capability of counting and classifying photon energies allows spectral imaging associated with much higher spatial and contrast resolution altogether. Moreover, current clinical PCCT technologies are embedded into cardiac-designed CT scanners, which means dual-source CT scanners with much higher temporal resolution (ie, 66-millisecond effective temporal resolution in hardware) compared with single-source CT scanners (ie, 120-125 milliseconds at best in hardware).…”

Section: Pcct and Dectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary Artery Calcification: Current Concepts and Clinical Implications

Onnis,

Virmani,

Kawai

et al. 2024

Circulation

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Coronary artery calcification (CAC) accompanies the development of advanced atherosclerosis. Its role in atherosclerosis holds great interest because the presence and burden of coronary calcification provide direct evidence of the presence and extent of coronary artery disease; furthermore, CAC predicts future events independently of concomitant conventional cardiovascular risk factors and to a greater extent than any other noninvasive biomarker of this disease. Nevertheless, the relationship between CAC and the susceptibility of a plaque to provoke a thrombotic event remains incompletely understood. This review summarizes the current understanding and literature on CAC. It outlines the pathophysiology of CAC and reviews laboratory, histopathological, and genetic studies, as well as imaging findings, to characterize different types of calcification and to elucidate their implications. Some patterns of calcification such as microcalcification portend increased risk of rupture and cardiovascular events and may improve prognosis assessment noninvasively. However, contemporary computed tomography cannot assess early microcalcification. Limited spatial resolution and blooming artifacts may hinder estimation of degree of coronary artery stenosis. Technical advances such as photon counting detectors and combination with nuclear approaches (eg, NaF imaging) promise to improve the performance of cardiac computed tomography. These innovations may speed achieving the ultimate goal of providing noninvasively specific and clinically actionable information.

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“…So far, the main non-invasive imaging approaches for patients include ultrasound, X-ray, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), having different uses [16][17][18]. Of interest, vascular calcification, a hallmark of atherosclerosis, can be detected by CT, and lipid-rich necrotic core and hemorrhage can be additionally captured by MRI with high sensitivity [19,20]. However, these conventional imaging approaches are limited to the identification of advanced plaques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering molecular nanoprobes to target early atherosclerosis: Precise diagnostic tools and promising therapeutic carriers

Zan¹,

An²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

Nanotheranostics

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Atherosclerosis, an inflammation-driven chronic blood vessel disease, is a major contributor to devastating cardiovascular events, bringing serious social and economic burdens. Currently, non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in combination with novel nanosized materials as well as established molecular targets are under active investigation to develop integrated molecular imaging approaches, precisely visualizing and/or even effectively reversing early-stage plaques. Besides, mechanistic investigation in the past decades provides many potent candidates extensively involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Recent hotly-studied imaging nanoprobes for detecting early plaques mainly including optical nanoprobes, photoacoustic nanoprobes, magnetic resonance nanoprobes, positron emission tomography nanoprobes, and other dual- and multi-modality imaging nanoprobes, have been proven to be surface functionalized with important molecular targets, which occupy tailored physical and biological properties for atherogenesis. Of note, these engineering nanoprobes provide long blood-pool residence and specific molecular targeting, which allows efficient recognition of early-stage atherosclerotic plaques and thereby function as a novel type of precise diagnostic tools as well as potential therapeutic carriers of anti-atherosclerosis drugs. There have been no available nanoprobes applied in the clinics so far, although many newly emerged nanoprobes, as exemplified by aggregation-induced emission nanoprobes and TiO 2 nanoprobes, have been tested for cell lines in vitro and atherogenic animal models in vivo , achieving good experimental effects. Therefore, there is an urgent call to translate these preclinical results for nanoprobes into clinical trials. For this reason, this review aims to give an overview of currently investigated nanoprobes in the context of atherosclerosis, summarize relevant published studies showing applications of different kinds of formulated nanoprobes in early detection and reverse of plaques, discuss recent advances and some limitations thereof, and provide some insights into the development of the new generation of more precise and efficient molecular nanoprobes, with a critical property of specifically targeting early atherosclerosis.

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Advances in CT Techniques in Vascular Calcification

Cited by 14 publications

References 110 publications

Observation of Clinical Efficacy of Anisodamine and Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Intractable Hiccup after Stroke

Observation of Clinical Efficacy of Anisodamine and Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Intractable Hiccup after Stroke

Coronary Artery Calcification: Current Concepts and Clinical Implications

Engineering molecular nanoprobes to target early atherosclerosis: Precise diagnostic tools and promising therapeutic carriers

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