Advances in Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry for Primary Tumors of the Central Nervous System

Meredith, David M.

doi:10.1097/pap.0000000000000225

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…SMARCB1 (INI1) and BRG1 staining is universally intact, and both myogenic and melanocytic markers are routinely negative. 14 ATRX was also retained in the tumor cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

<p>Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Genetic Study on Epithelioid Glioblastoma: A Series of Fifteen Cases with Literature Review</p>

Zeng¹,

Zhu²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

OTT

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Purpose: To observe the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic features of epithelioid glioblastoma (E-GBM), and identify tumor-associated prognostic factors. Patients and Methods: The clinical and radiological data of fifteen cases of E-GBM were collected, and their pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features were examined. A 1p/19q analysis via FISH, MGMT promoter methylation by MS-PCR, and IDH1 and BRAF V600E mutation analysis by HRM-PCR were performed. The level of EZH2 expression was valuated by immunohistochemistry in 15 E-GBM cases, and the prognostic factors were analyzed in E-GBM patients. Fifteen non-E-GBM cases were used as a control. Results: The fifteen cases of E-GBM included twelve males and three females, with fourteen cases supratentorially located. Headache was the main symptom. Microscopy revealed that the tumors were composed of epithelioid cells and some rhabdoid cells. The epithelioid and rhabdoid cells displayed focal discohesion, scant intervening neuropil, a distinct cell membrane, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and a laterally positioned nucleus. Most tumors showed high mitosis, zonal necrosis, and microvascular hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical findings included epithelioid cells positive for GFAP, vimentin, nestin, S-100, and INI-1. The molecular findings included no deletions of 1p/19q, EGFR amplifications, or IDH1 mutations in any case, a methylated MGMT promoter in 46.7% (7/15) cases, and a BRAFV600E mutation in 46.7% (7/15) cases. EZH2 overexpression occurred in 60.0% (9/15) of E-GBM cases. E-GBM patients with OS (≤12 months) exhibited extensive necrosis (6/6), EZH2 overexpression (6/6), MGMT promoter unmethylation (5/6), BRAFV600E mutation (3/6), and treatment (surgery4/6). E-GBM patients with OS (>12 months) exhibited focal or limited necrosis, low or negative EZH2 expression, MGMT promoter methylation (2/3), BRAFV600E mutation (3/3), and treatment (surgery+radiotherapy/chemo-radiotherapy, 2/3). Conclusion: E-GBM was a rare variant of glioblastoma, with histological epithelioid features and poor prognosis. Extensive necrosis, MGMT promoter unmethylation, EZH2 overexpression, and lack of adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy may indicate a poor prognosis.

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“…SMARCB1 (INI1) and BRG1 staining is universally intact, and both myogenic and melanocytic markers are routinely negative. 14 ATRX was also retained in the tumor cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

<p>Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Genetic Study on Epithelioid Glioblastoma: A Series of Fifteen Cases with Literature Review</p>

Zeng¹,

Zhu²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

OTT

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“…Give the sections two changes of each of the solutions: xylene, 100% ethanol and xylene (50/50), ethanol 100% and ethanol 96%. At the end rinse slides with distilled water to remove alcohol completely [2,3].…”

Section: Dewaxing and Hydratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a critical ancillary test that aids in the accurate diagnosis of the central nervous system neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions, this method localize and demonstrate specific antigens of interest in tissues or cells based on antigenantibody interactions visualizing it with the aid of a chromogen and light microscopy [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunohistochemistry, Quality Control, and Principles of Validation in the Central Nervous System

Velasco-Vales¹,

Soria-Céspedes

Cuesta‐Mejías

et al. 2021

Methods in Molecular Biology

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The conventional hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) is vital for the histological diagnosis but the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the central nervous system is undeniable. Immunohistochemical techniques detect antigens in tissue sections by immunological and chemical reactions. This chapter reviews the preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases of immunohistochemistry, as well as the principles of quality control and validation.

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“…Meningiomas’ histological substrate is the arachnoid cap cells of the meninges on the periphery of the brain. Histopathologically, meningiomas comprise a broad spectrum of histopathological sub-types (meningotheliomatous, psammomatus, transitional, fibrous, angiomatous, atypical and anaplastic) [ 4 ]. Brain tissue invasion is the most critical histopathological evidence of aggressive biological behavior of the tumor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caspase 8 Expression Patterns in Meningiomas: A Tissue Microarray Digital Image Analysis

Roukas¹,

Kouzoupis²,

Spyropoulou³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Background: Caspases (cysteine-aspartic proteases) represent a family of enzymes that critically influence cell homeostasis by being involved in inflammation and apoptosis mechanisms. Meningiomas demonstrate the most common intracranial primary central nervous system tumors in adults worldwide.Aim: Our purpose was to explore the role of caspase 8 expression in meningiomas' pathological features.Materials and methods: A total of 50 meningioma cases were included in the study, comprising a broad spectrum of histopathological sub-types. An immunohistochemistry assay was applied on tissue microarray cores followed by digital image analysis.Results: Overexpression of caspase 8 protein was observed in 21/50 (42%) cases, whereas the rest of them (29/50, 58%) demonstrated moderate to low levels of the molecule. Caspase 8 overall expression was statistically significantly correlated to grade of the examined tumors and to mitotic index (p=0.001, p=0.002, respectively).Conclusions: Caspase 8 aberrant expression is observed in meningiomas associated with their differentiation grade and mitotic activity. Targeted therapeutic strategies focused on enhancing caspase 8 expression and also inducing the overall apoptotic activity should be a very promising approach in rationally handling sub-groups of meningioma patients.

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Advances in Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry for Primary Tumors of the Central Nervous System

Cited by 12 publications

References 170 publications

<p>Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Genetic Study on Epithelioid Glioblastoma: A Series of Fifteen Cases with Literature Review</p>

<p>Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Genetic Study on Epithelioid Glioblastoma: A Series of Fifteen Cases with Literature Review</p>

Immunohistochemistry, Quality Control, and Principles of Validation in the Central Nervous System

Caspase 8 Expression Patterns in Meningiomas: A Tissue Microarray Digital Image Analysis

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