Advances in Electrode Materials for Scalp, Forehead, and Ear EEG: A Mini-Review

Petrossian, Gayaneh; Kateb, Pierre; Miquet-Westphal, Floriane; Cicoira, Fabio

doi:10.1021/acsabm.3c00322

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Furthermore, continuous technological advances in neuroimaging enable new clinical applications, as well. Notably, due to novel electrodes/optodes technologies [ 105 ], the miniaturization of mobile brain imaging hardware, and improved artifact rejection algorithms [ 106 ] will most likely increase the clinical usability of functional neuroimaging in the coming years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of combined functional neuroimaging and motion capture for motor rehabilitation

Lorenz,

Su,

Skjæret-Maroni

2024

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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Background Technological advancements in functional neuroimaging and motion capture have led to the development of novel methods that facilitate the diagnosis and rehabilitation of motor deficits. These advancements allow for the synchronous acquisition and analysis of complex signal streams of neurophysiological data (e.g., EEG, fNIRS) and behavioral data (e.g., motion capture). The fusion of those data streams has the potential to provide new insights into cortical mechanisms during movement, guide the development of rehabilitation practices, and become a tool for assessment and therapy in neurorehabilitation. Research objective This paper aims to review the existing literature on the combined use of motion capture and functional neuroimaging in motor rehabilitation. The objective is to understand the diversity and maturity of technological solutions employed and explore the clinical advantages of this multimodal approach. Methods This paper reviews literature related to the combined use of functional neuroimaging and motion capture for motor rehabilitation following the PRISMA guidelines. Besides study and participant characteristics, technological aspects of the used systems, signal processing methods, and the nature of multimodal feature synchronization and fusion were extracted. Results Out of 908 publications, 19 were included in the final review. Basic or translation studies were mainly represented and based predominantly on healthy participants or stroke patients. EEG and mechanical motion capture technologies were most used for biomechanical data acquisition, and their subsequent processing is based mainly on traditional methods. The system synchronization techniques at large were underreported. The fusion of multimodal features mainly supported the identification of movement-related cortical activity, and statistical methods were occasionally employed to examine cortico-kinematic relationships. Conclusion The fusion of motion capture and functional neuroimaging might offer advantages for motor rehabilitation in the future. Besides facilitating the assessment of cognitive processes in real-world settings, it could also improve rehabilitative devices’ usability in clinical environments. Further, by better understanding cortico-peripheral coupling, new neuro-rehabilitation methods can be developed, such as personalized proprioceptive training. However, further research is needed to advance our knowledge of cortical-peripheral coupling, evaluate the validity and reliability of multimodal parameters, and enhance user-friendly technologies for clinical adaptation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of combined functional neuroimaging and motion capture for motor rehabilitation

Lorenz,

Su,

Skjæret-Maroni

2024

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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“…The seamless integration of these functions into existing devices can be achieved through materials similar to those normally used in earpieces, which should meet the challenges of comfort and conformability to the intra- and para-auricular space, as well as the efficient transduction of physiological signals. In this perspective, conductive elastomers offer very interesting properties [ 15 , 16 ]. In particular, SoftPulse TM electrodes (Dätwyler Schweiz AG, Schattdorf, Switzerland) provide a reliable option for acquiring physiological signals over extended periods of time [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Channel Soft Dry Electrodes for Electrocardiography Acquisition in the Ear Region

van der Heijden,

Gilbert,

Jafari

et al. 2024

Sensors

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In-ear acquisition of physiological signals, such as electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), electroencephalography (EEG), and electrocardiography (ECG), is a promising approach to mobile health (mHealth) due to its non-invasive and user-friendly nature. By providing a convenient and comfortable means of physiological signal monitoring, in-ear signal acquisition could potentially increase patient compliance and engagement with mHealth applications. The development of reliable and comfortable soft dry in-ear electrode systems could, therefore, have significant implications for both mHealth and human–machine interface (HMI) applications. This research evaluates the quality of the ECG signal obtained with soft dry electrodes inserted in the ear canal. An earplug with six soft dry electrodes distributed around its perimeter was designed for this study, allowing for the analysis of the signal coming from each electrode independently with respect to a common reference placed at different positions on the body of the participants. An analysis of the signals in comparison with a reference signal measured on the upper right chest (RA) and lower left chest (LL) was performed. The results show three typical behaviors for the in-ear electrodes. Some electrodes have a high correlation with the reference signal directly after inserting the earplug, other electrodes need a settling time of typically 1–3 min, and finally, others never have a high correlation. The SoftPulseTM electrodes used in this research have been proven to be perfectly capable of measuring physiological signals, paving the way for their use in mHealth or HMI applications. The use of multiple electrodes distributed in the ear canal has the advantage of allowing a more reliable acquisition by intelligently selecting the signal acquisition locations or allowing a better spatial resolution for certain applications by processing these signals independently.

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“…The conducting polymer poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiopene) doped with poly(styrenesul fonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is the subject of widespread research owing to its versatility in electronic and biomedical applications [1][2][3][4][5]. The ability to achieve enhanced electrical conductivity, stretchability, and self-healing properties upon addition of other compounds makes PEDOT:PSS attractive for electrophysiological sensors and bioelectronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printable, adhesive, and self-healing dry epidermal electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS and polyurethane diol

Kateb,

Fan,

Kim

et al. 2023

Flex. Print. Electron.

Self Cite

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Printable, self-healing, stretchable, and conductive materials have tremendous potential for the fabrication of advanced electronic devices. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiopene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has been the focus of extensive research due to its tunable electrical and mechanical properties. Owing to its solution-processability and self-healing ability, PEDOT:PSS is an excellent candidate for developing printable inks. In this study, we developed printable, stretchable, dry, lightly adhesive, and self-healing materials for biomedical applications. Polyurethane diol (PUD), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and sorbitol were investigated as additives for PEDOT:PSS. In this study, we identified an optimal printable mixture obtained by incorporating PUD into PEDOT:PSS, which improved both the mechanical and electrical properties. Based on our optimization, for the 5% PUD/PEDOT:PSS free-standing films, a conductivity of approximately 30 S/cm, stretchability of 40%, and Young’s modulus of 15 MPa were observed with a light adhesion of 0.03 N/cm. A low resistance change (< 20%) was achieved when the strain was increased to 30%. Excellent electrical stability under cyclic mechanical strain, biocompatibility, and 100% electrical self-healing were also observed. The potential biomedical applications of this mixture were demonstrated by using a printed epidermal electrode on a stretchable silicone substrate. The PUD/PEDOT:PSS electrodes displayed a skin-electrode impedance similar to commercially available electrodes, and successfully captured physiological signals. This study contributes to the development of improved customization and enhanced mechanical durability of soft electronic materials.

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Advances in Electrode Materials for Scalp, Forehead, and Ear EEG: A Mini-Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 108 publications

A review of combined functional neuroimaging and motion capture for motor rehabilitation

A review of combined functional neuroimaging and motion capture for motor rehabilitation

Multi-Channel Soft Dry Electrodes for Electrocardiography Acquisition in the Ear Region

Printable, adhesive, and self-healing dry epidermal electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS and polyurethane diol

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