Advances in encapsulation technologies for the management of mercury-contaminated hazardous wastes

Randall, Paul M.; Chattopadhyay, Sandip

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.08.010

Cited by 103 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A sulfurcontaining polymer (STX™ supplied by Starcrete™ Technologies Inc. Quebec, Canada) was used as thermoplastic material [14] ; this kind of material is commonly referred to in the literature as sulfur polymer cement (SPC), but it is not a cementitious material [9] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of these methods is to isolate the waste from the surrounding environment by substantially reducing the area exposed to potential leaching media [8] . This kind of combined technology is referred to in the literature as a stabilization/ solidification S/S process [9] . S/S is accepted as a well-established disposal technique for the treatment of hazardous waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A microencapsulation process of liquid mercury by sulfur polymer stabilization/solidification technology. Part I: Characterization of materials

López‐Delgado¹,

Guerrero²,

Lopez³

et al. 2012

REVMETAL

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microencapsulation process of liquid mercury by sulfur polymer stabilization/solidification technology. Part I: Characterization of materials

López‐Delgado¹,

Guerrero²,

Lopez³

et al. 2012

REVMETAL

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“…These strategies include direct land disposal or stabilization and solidification (S/S) before disposal (Graydon et al 2009, Liu et al 1999. The S/S methods that have been used or evaluated for activated carbon include immobilization in Portland cement (Zhang and Bishop 2002) and chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (Wagh et al 2000, Randall andChattopadhyay 2004). Liu and coworkers (2000) found that both virgin and sulfur-impregnated activated carbon containing 65 to 1500 µg Hg/g and 550 to 2500 µg Hg/g, respectively, released less than the RCRA release limit of 0.2 mg Hg/L TCLP extract for the waste to be considered a toxic characteristic hazardous waste (40 CFR 261).…”

Section: Carbon Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Portland cement can be an effective S/S agent for hazardous metals, it is minimally effective for mercury because of the solubility of mercuric hydroxide and oxide (Glasser 1997, Randall andChattopadhyay 2004). Zhang and Bishop (2002), found that Hg(NO 3 ) 2 -containing surrogate soil wastes (1000 µg Hg/g) stabilized with of CS 2 -treated reactivated carbon loaded and solidified with Type I ordinary Portland cement (1 g surrogate waste:1 g cement), released less than the RCRA limit of 0.025 mg Hg/L TCLP extract (40 CFR 268).…”

Section: Carbon Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

Pierce¹,

Mattigod²,

Westsik³

et al. 2010

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Executive SummaryPacific Northwest National Laboratory has initiated a waste-form testing program to support the longterm durability evaluation of a waste form for secondary wastes generated from the treatment and immobilization of Hanford radioactive tank wastes. The purpose of the work discussed in this report is to identify candidate stabilization technologies and getters that have the potential to successfully treat the secondary waste stream liquid effluent, mainly from off-gas scrubbers and spent solids, produced by the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Down-selection to the most promising stabilization processes/waste forms is needed to support the design of a solidification treatment unit (STU) to be added to the Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF). To support key decision processes, an initial screening of the secondary liquid waste forms must be completed by February 2010. Later, more comprehensive and longer term performance testing will be conducted, following the guidance provided by the secondary waste-form selection, development, and performance evaluation roadmap. The resulting waste form will be compliant to regulations and performance criteria and will lead to cost-effective disposal of the secondary wastes.This report starts with a brief review of some of the most commonly used solidification formulations that would be candidates for secondary liquid waste streams. In this review, the available data on performance are discussed, and some preliminary recommendations are provided for materials that should undergo additional screening testing. We also 1) discuss options for disposal of WTP secondary solid waste streams, 2) provide a brief overview of standard regulatory test methods used for measuring contaminant leachability and waste-form physical strength (with emphasis on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's [EPA's] new methods as a screening tool for comparing waste solidification materials of interest), and 3) provide an overview of factors that must be considered in long-term performance testing, including state-of-the-art characterization tools that can provide the data needed to technically defend predictive modeling simulations of long-term material behavior. The long-term wasteform testing and solid and leachate characterization must be robust enough to effectively predict material performance in the Integrated Disposal Facility over the 10,000-year period of performance for the engineered system. The solidification technologies for liquid waste streams include cement/grout, containerized Cast Stone, phosphate-bonded ceramics, alkali-aluminosilicate geopolymers, hydroceramics, L-TEM, and fluidized-bed steam reforming (FBSR). In addition to these, other mature technologies and two compounds, namely goethite and sodalite (that are still being developed), that show considerable promise as waste forms or getters are also discussed. It is our recommendation, based upon the available literature, that Cast Stone, chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (Ceramicrete...

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“…Heavy metals are dangerous environmental pollutants due to their toxicity and strong tendency to concentrate in the environment and in food chains (Appel and Ma, 2002;Algarra et al, 2004;Goloboca et al, 2004;Colombo et al, 2005;Davydova, 2005;Garrido et al, 2005)). One of the recent environmental applications of bentonites is connected with high-level nuclear waste disposal in underground repositories using a multi barrier system of two basic components, a host rock and an engineered barrier made of metallic containers filled with radioactive waste surrounded by bentonite blocks, as is documented by the results of large scale experiments (Randall, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analysis of Rock and Water from dug Wells in a Residential Area in Lagos State, Nigeria

Omotoso¹,

Amoo²

2015

IJC

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Samples of rock deposit dug out from wells at Alimosho local government in Lagos state, Nigeria were characterized for chemical composition and ultimate utilization. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) were used to identify the rock as a mixed clay rock containing 35.04% Illite, 25.64% Illite plus Quartz, 22.20% Kaolinite and 17.09% Feldspar. This was corroborated by cation determination that showed the rock to be predominantly clayey rock.The mean concentrations of lead and copper in water of the wells in the rock location are 0.004mg/L and 0.05mg/L respectively while cadmium is less than detectable limit. The well water in the area studied is therefore not contaminated by these heavy metals.Heavy metals removal by the mixed clay from polluted underground water was studied using AAS. A general increase of sorption was observed with increase in the adsorbent dosage. 20g of the rock adsorbed a higher percentage of copper (80.23%) than lead and cadmium that were 70.25% and 65.83% respectively. The percentage of heavy metals adsorbed confirms the use of mixed clay minerals as a contaminants removal from the underground polluted water. The rock adsorbed copper readily than cadmium and lead. The maximum amount of lead removed from the contaminated underground water of the defunct battery site across the adsorbent dosage (5g, 10g, 15g and 20g) were 1.20mg/L, 3.19mg/L, 3.69mg/L and 4.09mg/L respectively indicating the effect of increase in adsorbent dosage in remediating the lead contaminated water. This data showed that the rock can be used to remove these heavy metals from contaminated water.

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Advances in encapsulation technologies for the management of mercury-contaminated hazardous wastes

Cited by 103 publications

References 23 publications

A microencapsulation process of liquid mercury by sulfur polymer stabilization/solidification technology. Part I: Characterization of materials

A microencapsulation process of liquid mercury by sulfur polymer stabilization/solidification technology. Part I: Characterization of materials

Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

Chemical Analysis of Rock and Water from dug Wells in a Residential Area in Lagos State, Nigeria

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