Advances in Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Research in Shale Reservoirs

Gong, Xun; Ma, Xiaobin; Liu, Yuyang; Li, Guanfang

doi:10.3390/min12111438

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Notably, the majority of this output is produced from the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale, situated at depths ranging from 2000 to 3500 m in the Sichuan Basin. This indicates the enormous exploration and development potential of shale gas in the Sichuan Basin [5,6]. With the development of exploration technology and theory, attention in China is gradually shifting towards deep shale gas, characterized by distinct occurrences and enrichment mechanisms compared to shallow shale gas [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore Structure and Migration Ability of Deep Shale Reservoirs in the Southern Sichuan Basin

Wu,

et al. 2024

Minerals

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The migration phenomenon of deep shale gas is a subject that has yet to be fully comprehended, specifically regarding the migration ability of deep shale gas. This study focuses on the Longmaxi Formation in the southern Sichuan Basin, utilizing it as an example. Various experimental techniques, such as temperature-driven nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption, high-pressure mercury intrusion, XRD, and TOC analysis, are employed. The goal is to analyze the pore structure and fractal characteristics of the Longmaxi Formation shale. Additionally, the study aims to calculate its Knudsen number based on parameters like temperature gradient and pressure coefficient. The migration ability of the Longmaxi Formation shale in southern Sichuan Basin is also discussed. The results show the following: (1) The pore volume distribution of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the study area ranges from 0.0131 to 0.0364 cm3/g. Mesopores contribute approximately 56% of the pore volume, followed by micropores with a contribution rate of about 26%, and macropores contributing approximately 18%. Additionally, the Longmaxi Formation shale exhibits strong heterogeneity, with the fractal dimension (D1) of mesopores ranging from 2.452 to 2.8548, with an average of 2.6833, and the fractal dimension (D2) of macropores ranging from 2.9626 to 2.9786, averaging 2.9707. (2) The fractal dimensions of shale were significantly influenced by organic matter, inorganic minerals, and pore structure parameters. D1 and D2 were positively correlated with TOC, clay mineral content, and specific surface area, while exhibiting negative correlation with quartz. However, the correlations with calcite content, pore volume, and average pore size were not significant. (3) The proportion of pores satisfying Darcy flow in the Longmaxi Formation shale was approximately 3.7%–11.8%, with an average of 6.6%. Consequently, the migration capability of shale gas can be calculated using Darcy’s law. Furthermore, the migration capability of shale gas is controlled by D2, specifically the surface area, and the connectivity of macropores.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore Structure and Migration Ability of Deep Shale Reservoirs in the Southern Sichuan Basin

Wu,

et al. 2024

Minerals

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“…Gao et al explored the weakening impact of ground hydraulic fracturing technology on a high-key stratum through in situ monitoring and numerical simulation [14,15]. Adequate research on the breaking laws of hard roof, structure morphology formed by the broken blocks [16][17][18][19], factors affecting the stability of the structure [20][21][22][23][24][25], the blasting and hydraulic fracturing methods of the hard roof [26][27][28][29][30], expansion characteristics and influence factors of hydraulic fracturing fractures [31][32][33][34], a quantitative description method for crack propagation law [35][36][37], movement characteristics of key strata after fracturing and the influence of fracturing cracks morphology on structural stability [38][39][40][41] etc., have been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Study and Engineering Application of Weakening Mine Pressure Behavior in Stope through Ground Fracturing Thick and Hard Rock Strata

Li,

Qi,

Gao

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Fracturing hard roofs by ground hydraulic action is an important control technology for the strong mine pressure in the stope. In this paper, a new simulation method, “separate + interface,” is proposed, and two physical simulation experiments are conducted; the phenomenon of increased goaf pressure and decreased front abutment pressure is discovered after fracturing in the key strata, and then the influence of different fractured crack shapes on the front abutment pressure and the goaf stress is revealed. The results are as follows: Firstly, the separation under the high-level hard strata blocks the transmission of overburden load to the goaf, leading to the high-stress concentration of the coal seam, which is the main reason for the large deformation of roadways and the breakage of a single hydraulic prop in the roadway. Secondly, the weakening effect of mine pressure differs when hard rock strata are fractured artificially with different types of cracks. The peak value of abutment pressure is reduced from 24.91 to 20.60 MPa, 17.80 MPa, and 16.13 MPa with the vertical crack spacing of 20 m, 15 m, and 10 m, respectively, and the related goaf pressure is increased from 2.61 to 3.54 MPa, 3.91 MPa, and 4.34 MPa, respectively. The peak value of abutment pressure decreased from 24.79 to 22.08 MPa, 19.88 MPa, and 17.73 MPa. The related goaf pressure increased from 2.61 to 3.39 MPa, 3.81 MPa, and 4.43 MPa, respectively, with the key strata also fractured into two horizontal layers, three horizontal layers, and four horizontal layers with horizontal fractures. Thirdly, after the hard roof is fractured above the No. 8202 working face, the first breaking step distance of the main roof decreased from 112.6 to 90.32 cm, while the first breaking step distances of KS2 and KS3 decreased from 106.3 and 135.8 cm to 93.5 cm and 104.8 cm, respectively, and the goaf pressure also increased. Compared to the adjacent unfractured No. 8203 working face, the mine pressure intensity of the No. 8202 working face is significantly reduced. The research results can provide useful guidance for the treatment of strong mine pressure.

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“…Besides, the production from a single well declines so rapidly that low quantities of gas are recovered after a certain period because huge amounts of gas remain untapped despite the multiple fracturing strategies. − To address some of these challenges, different approaches have been adopted over the years and have registered a tremendous level of success. To tackle the challenge of hydraulic fracturing, methods have been used to describe the fracture propagation range, including finite element method (FEM), , extended finite element method (XFEM), , displacement discontinuity method (DDM), unconventional fracture model, and peridynamics, to mention but a few. To combat the drawbacks of the linear elastic fracture mechanics, Wang et al introduced a fully coupled model for hydraulic fracture propagation by combining XFEM and the cohesive zone method (CZM) to accurately predict the geometry of the fracture alongside the stress due to propagation in brittle and ductile rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic Fracturing and Enhanced Recovery in Shale Reservoirs: Theoretical Analysis to Engineering Applications

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Shale reservoirs are extensively exploited using hydraulic fracturing, which forms multiple cracks that connect with the existing natural fractures to create a continuous path for the gas stored in the kerogen to flow to the production well. Apart from the tedious nature of hydraulic fracturing, the mechanism of the storage and flow of gas is equally complex since multiple phases and scales are involved. An accurate understanding of hydraulic fracturing coupled with a strategy of analyzing the flow and overall recovery of gas is paramount to ensure efficient exploitation. In this work, a comprehensive review of the recent strategies used in analyzing the hydraulic fracturing, storage, flow, and recovery of gas is presented. To begin with, the experimental, analytical, and numerical approaches pertinent to hydraulic fracturing are deeply explored. Additionally, the flow of gas through the newly opened channels is accounted for by using a quadruple-domain approach where the mechanisms of flow in shale reservoirs at the nanoscale, microscale, mesoscale, and macroscale are considered. Furthermore, a strategy to capture the multiple phases, including gas, oil, and water, and recover both carbon dioxide and methane is explored through thermal and enhanced gas recovery approaches. This review provides a baseline for understanding how the hydraulic fracture evolves and propagates to create new channels that contribute to the flow of gas, how the gas flows through the created channels across the many scales of the shale reservoir, and how to improve recovery from shale reservoirs.

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Advances in Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Research in Shale Reservoirs

Cited by 7 publications

References 158 publications

Pore Structure and Migration Ability of Deep Shale Reservoirs in the Southern Sichuan Basin

Pore Structure and Migration Ability of Deep Shale Reservoirs in the Southern Sichuan Basin

Simulation Study and Engineering Application of Weakening Mine Pressure Behavior in Stope through Ground Fracturing Thick and Hard Rock Strata

Hydraulic Fracturing and Enhanced Recovery in Shale Reservoirs: Theoretical Analysis to Engineering Applications

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