Advances in Medical Therapy for Weight Loss and the Weight-Centric Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Overweight and obesity are now recognized as leading causes of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and ultimately, cardiovascular disease. Despite the serious consequences, roughly two thirds of Americans are presently classified as overweight, and about one third are classified as obese. Weight loss via lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy can promote improvement in many of these obesity-related conditions. This review addresses recent advances in pharmacotherapy for the management of obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities, with a focus on the management of obesity specifically in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Emphasis is also placed on a proposed paradigm shift from the glucose-centric to the weight-centric management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The role of microRNAs in the healing of diabetic ulcers

“…Increased mortality from diabetes has turned the disease into one of the most important health, social, and economic problems . Typically, overweight and obesity because of changes in lifestyle, including inappropriate nutrition, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition, are among the factors that greatly affect the incidence of diabetes . However, type 2 diabetes, as a common disorder of adulthood in the past, is becoming widespread even among children and adolescents .…”

“…2,4 Typically, overweight and obesity because of changes in lifestyle, including inappropriate nutrition, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition, are among the factors that greatly affect the incidence of diabetes. 5,6 However, type 2 diabetes, as a common disorder of adulthood in the past, is becoming widespread even among children and adolescents. 3 Insulin resistance, as a consequence of overweight and obesity in children, plays an important role in the prevalence of diabetes at an early age.…”

Systems analysis and the prediction and prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…It is very difficult to treat obesity and lifestyle changes (i.e., diet and exercise) usually fail. A few medicines have been approved for treating obesity (7), but the overall effects are limited in effectiveness. Of course, “metabolic (i.e., bariatric)” surgery is very effective to treat obesity and diabetes, but its use is limited to those at high risk, and is unlikely to be indicated except in very high risk situations (8).…”

La neuroestimulación eléctrica percutánea del dermatoma T7 mejora el perfil glucémico en pacientes obesos y diabéticos tipo 2. Estudio clínico aleatorizado

“…Esto hace que en pacientes con obesidad severa u obesidad mó rbida la probabilidad de desarrollar DM2 en algú n momento de la vida sea prá cticamente del 100% [1][2][3] . La resistencia a la acció n de la insulina se ha convertido en el mayor determinante para el desarrollo de DM2, que se pone de manifiesto cuando la cé lula beta pancreá tica es incapaz de producir mayor cantidad de insulina para vencer la resistencia insulínica perfé rica 4 .…”

“…La pé rdida de peso secundaria a cirugía bariá trica ha demostrado aumentar la secreció n de insulina a nivel del pá ncreas, así como reducir la resistencia perifé rica a la acció n de la misma, contribuyendo ambos mecanismos a la mejoría e incluso desaparició n de la DM2 en pacientes obesos mó rbidos 4,5 .…”