Advances in multiple square wave techniques for ion-exchange voltammetry at ultratrace levels: the europium(III) case

Abstract

In honour of Fred Anson for his dedication to and excellence in the field of electrochemistry. AbstractThis paper reports on the use of multiple square wave voltammetry, MSWV, for the determination of europium(III) preconcentrated by ion-exchange at glassy carbon electrodes coated with Nafion ® . For this aim, a double-differential (DD) mode of MSWV is implemented; with this mode, background signals are always straight lines while the analyte signal is given as a twin opposite peak system which corresponds approximately to the instrumental double differential of the classical voltammetric wave. The influence of scan parameters and experimental conditions on MSW-DD responses for europium(III) determinations at the modified electrode is examined. Detection limits and sensitivities obtained using MSW-DD are significantly superior to those achievable by classical pulsed techniques. The method is applied to the determination of ultratrace europium(III) concentrations in the 10 − 11 -10 − 10 M range in the cooling water of a nuclear plant; results obtained by the MSW-DD ion-exchange voltammetric approach compare well with those obtained by ICP-MS.

Detection of Cd, Pb, and Cu in non-pretreated natural waters and urine with thiol functionalized mesoporous silica and Nafion composite electrodes

“…Having negative charges of sulfonic acid, Nafion is known to have some sorption affinity for metal cations and has been studied for metal preconcentration at electrode surfaces [30,31]. However, the interaction between metal cations and Nafion are relatively weak, easily competed by other non-target cations [30,31], and highly pH dependent [32], thus limiting its effectiveness as a metal preconcentrator.…”

“…However, the interaction between metal cations and Nafion are relatively weak, easily competed by other non-target cations [30,31], and highly pH dependent [32], thus limiting its effectiveness as a metal preconcentrator. In contrast, the SH-SAMMS ™ has shown superior sorption properties for soft metal ions compared to commercial resins having similar thiol groups (e.g., GT-73) [17,33].…”

Ionomer-Coated Electrodes and Nanoelectrode Ensembles as Electrochemical Environmental Sensors: Recent Advances and Prospects

“…[45,75] A different, but complementary, approach for reaching the same goal is offered by the use of electrode systems containing metallic components of nanoscopic dimensions such as those presented below.…”

A new Rhodamine B-based ‘on–off’ chemical sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity toward Fe3+ and its imaging in living cells

“…Currently, many techniques have been reported for the detection of Fe 3+ ions, including atomic absorption, 14 spectrophotometry, 15 voltammetry, 16 colorimetry 17 and flow injection, 18 but most of those methods usually require complicated, multistep sample preparation and sophisticated instrumentation. [19][20][21] On the other hand, fluorescent chemosensors have attracted considerable attention and offer significant advantages over other methods due to their simplicity, low-cost, sensitivity and instantaneous response. [22][23][24][25] Therefore, the design and development of a simple, highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for Fe 3+ and establishing a method for the determination of trace Fe 3+ ions in environmental systems is of great interest to current researchers.…”