Advances in Optical and Photonic Devices

Abstract

The title of this book, Advances in Optical and Photonic Devices, encompasses a broad range of theory and applications which are of interest for diverse classes of optical and photonic devices. Unquestionably, recent successful achievements in modern optical communications and multifunctional systems have been accomplished based on composing "building blocks" of a variety of optical and photonic devices. Thus, the grasp of current trends and needs in device technology would be useful for further development of such a range of relative applications.The book is going to be a collection of the contemporary researches and developments of various devices and structures in the area of optics and photonics. It is composed of 17 excellent chapters covering fundamental theory, physical operation mechanisms, fabrication and measurement techniques, application examples. Besides, it contains comprehensive reviews of recent trends and advancements in the field. First six chapters are especially focused on diverse aspects of recent developments of lasers and related technologies, while the later chapters deal with various optical and photonic devices including waveguides, filters, oscillators, isolators, photodiodes, photomultipliers, microcavities, and so on. Although the book is a collected edition of specific technological issues, I strongly believe that the readers can obtain generous and overall ideas and knowledge of the state-of-the-art technologies in optical and photonic devices.Lastly, special words of thanks should go to all the scientists and engineers who have devoted a great deal of time to writing excellent chapters in this book.

Advances in design engineering and merits of electron transporting layers in perovskite solar cells

“…In addition, the series resistance under illumination conditions could be estimated: below 5 O cm 2 is beneficial for obtaining higher values of V OC and fill factor (FF), which is in accordance with the report in the literature. 150 The ionic-covalent nature of hybrid halide lead perovskites leads to interactions with the ETL with functional groups. For example, doping or chemically modifying the interface between the perovskite crystal and ETL could have contributed to efficient electron extraction and electron transport, and thus to an enhanced J SC .…”