Advances In Out Door Lysimeter Techniques

Meißner, Ralph; Rupp, Holger; Seyfarth, Manfred

doi:10.1007/s11267-007-9166-2

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although tile sampling integrates effects of spatial variability (Richard and Steenhuis, 1988), it may underestimate flow rates, because of soil water passing the tile system (Bergstrom, 1987). Monolith lysimeters allow the exact determination of water and solute fluxes (Meissner et al, 2008). However, lysimeter walls can create preferential flow paths (Cameron et al, 1979) and their high cost limits their use (Zhu et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Large zero-tension plate lysimeters for soil water and solute collection in undisturbed soils

Peters

Durner

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Water collection from undisturbed unsaturated soils to estimate in situ water and solute fluxes in the field is a challenge, in particular if soils are heterogeneous. Large sampling devices are required if preferential flow paths are present. We present a modular plate system that allows installation of large zero-tension lysimeter plates under undisturbed soils in the field. To investigate the influence of the lysimeter on the water flow field in the soil, a numerical 2-D simulation study was conducted for homogeneous soils with uni-and bimodal pore-size distributions and stochastic Miller-Miller heterogeneity. The collection efficiency was found to be highly dependent on the hydraulic functions, infiltration rate, and lysimeter size, and was furthermore affected by the degree of heterogeneity. In homogeneous soils with high saturated conductivities the devices perform poorly and even large lysimeters (width 250 cm) can be bypassed by the soil water. Heterogeneities of soil hydraulic properties result into a network of flow channels that enhance the sampling efficiency of the lysimeter plates. Solute breakthrough into zero-tension lysimeter occurs slightly retarded as compared to the free soil, but concentrations in the collected water are similar to the mean flux concentration in the undisturbed soil. To validate the results from the numerical study, a dual tracer study with seven lysimeters of 1.25×1.25 m area was conducted in the field. Three lysimeters were installed underneath a 1.2 m filling of contaminated silty sand, the others deeper in the undisturbed soil. The lysimeters directly underneath the filled soil material collected water with a colCorrespondence to: A. Peters (andre.peters@tu-berlin.de) lection efficiency of 45%. The deeper lysimeters did not collect any water. The arrival of the tracers showed that almost all collected water came from preferential flow paths.

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confidence: 99%

Large zero-tension plate lysimeters for soil water and solute collection in undisturbed soils

Peters

Durner

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Only lysimeters permit a direct determination of the water percolating through a soil profile and the type and amount of solutes (Meisner et al 2008). Lysimeters offer good possibilities for conducting experiments that have control over all water percolating through the soil profile and carrying contaminants, such as nitrate (Bergström 1990).…”

Section: "Irrigation Return Flow (Irf) Is Defined As the Excess Of Irmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical characteristics of irrigation return flow in semi-arid regions of Iran

Jafari

Raeisi

Hoehn

et al. 2012

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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The study area is located on the Harat plain, in the central region of Iran. Four local-soil filled, freedrainage lysimeters were installed in wheat and barley farms operating under traditional farm management practices. The volume, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate and major ions of the applied irrigation water and irrigation return flow (IRF) were measured during the growing season. The total dissolved solids (TDS) of IRF increased three to five times compared to that of the applied water. This enhancement was the same as for the chloride ion ratio, indicating the major impact of evapotranspiration in IRF salinity enhancement. Geochemical modelling using PHREEQCI confirmed the significant role of evapotranspiration and the minor effects of processes such as calcite precipitation, gypsum dissolution, fertilizer nitrification and ion exchange on the values of the IRF TDS. Time variations of EC were functions of the type of flow (preferential or matrix), lithology and soil type. The controlling parameters of the nitrate time series were the frequent applications of N fertilizer and the nitrification process. The annual N loads (NO 3 -N) of IRF varied from 22 to 195 kg ha -1 . These variations were due to the different N loads in the applied water, the amount of fertilizer, soil texture, N uptake and volume of IRF. The annual salt loads of IRF were mainly controlled by the volume of IRF.Key words irrigation return flow; lysimeter; nitrate; N load; salt load; semi-arid; water quality; traditional farming; Iran Caractéristiques hydrochimiques des débits de colature dans les régions semi-arides de l'Iran Résumé La zone d'étude est située sur la plaine de Harat, dans la région centrale de l'Iran. Quatre lysimètres à drainage libre remplis de sol local ont été installés sur des exploitations agricoles produisant du blé et de l'orge selon des pratiques traditionnelles. Le volume, la conductivité électrique (CE), les nitrates et les ions majeurs de l'eau d'irrigation appliquée et du débit de colature (DC) ont été mesurés pendant la saison de croissance. Les matières totales dissoutes (MTD) du DC ont augmenté de trois à cinq fois par rapport à celles de l'eau appliquée. Cette augmentation a été la même que pour le rapport de l'ion chlorure, indiquant l'impact majeur de l'évapotranspiration dans l'augmentation de la salinité du DC. La modélisation géochimique utilisant PHREEQCI a confirmé le rôle important de l'évapotranspiration et les effets secondaires de processus tels que la précipitation de la calcite, la dissolution du gypse, la nitrification des engrais et les échanges d'ions sur les valeurs des MTD du DC. Les variations temporelles de la CE étaient fonctions du type de débit (préférentiel ou matriciel), de la lithologie et du type de sol. Les paramètres contrôlant la série chronologique des nitrates étaient les applications fréquentes d'engrais azotés et le processus de nitrification. Les charges annuelles en N (NO 3 -N) du DC ont varié de 22 à 195 kg ha -1 . Ces variations étaient dues aux charges en ...

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“…The lysimeter vessels are made of stainless steel (V4A), they have a surface area of 1 m 2 and a depth of 2 m. As soil excavation inevitably involves destruction of soil structure, the most prevalent and recommended method to fill lysimeter vessels of this size is the undisturbed extraction of soil monoliths (Meissner et al 2008;Unhold and Fank 2008). However, in forest soil contrasting to agricultural soils the heterogeneity due to remaining roots is usually very high.…”

Section: Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental setup of field lysimeters for studying effects of elevated ozone and below-ground pathogen infection on a plant-soil-system of juvenile beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

et al. 2009

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Advances In Out Door Lysimeter Techniques

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Large zero-tension plate lysimeters for soil water and solute collection in undisturbed soils

Large zero-tension plate lysimeters for soil water and solute collection in undisturbed soils

Hydrochemical characteristics of irrigation return flow in semi-arid regions of Iran

Experimental setup of field lysimeters for studying effects of elevated ozone and below-ground pathogen infection on a plant-soil-system of juvenile beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

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