Advances in Passive Treatment of Coal Mine Drainage 1998-2009

Rose, Arthur W.

doi:10.21000/jasmr10010847

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The removal of iron in solution in slags is due to ion-exchange and acid neutralising ability that often lead to precipitation (Feng et al, 2004). Rose (2010) ). The OHis advantageous because it neutralises the H + produced by AMD to form neutral water.…”

Section: Reduction Of Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…shows that precipitates such as (Fe(OH) 3 ) and (Fe(OH) 2 ) are formed while Rose (2010) claimed that more iron precipitates such as (FeOOH), (Fe 2 O 3 ) and (Fe 5 O 8 H.4H 2 O) could also be formed at various pH values. It follows that in experiments performed in this study these precipitates were formed since pH values of more than 9 were recorded when BOF slag was used.…”

Section: Reduction Of Iron Concentration In Acid Mine Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pourbaix Diagram for the Fe-S-H O System at 298K (Rose, 2010) ........... 11 Figure 2.2: Water pollution as a result of acid mine drainage (Liefferink, 2009. ) ........ 20 Game Reserve (Liefferink, 2009) ................................................................ 20 Figure 2.4: Wetland for the passive treatment of mine water (Taylor et al, 2005) ....... 28 xiv (DWAF, 1996) ....... 19 Table 2.5: Biological, chemical and physical mechanisms for the treatment of AMD (Taylor et al, 2005) ..................................................................................... 22 Table E.10: Experimental data for reduction of acid, Fe and SO 4 2using BOF slag with design residence time of 2.67 hours .…”

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Remediation of acid mine drainage using metallurgical slags

Name

Sheridan

2014

Minerals Engineering

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This research focuses on the remediation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using metallurgical slags. Slag leach beds are a promising low cost and low maintenance technology for the remediation of AMD compared to potentially expensive and maintain once intensive conventional active methods that entail addition of chemicals to treat AMD. Slags are highly alkaline in nature hence they neutralise acidic water; this in turn leads to reduction of iron and sulphate concentration due to formation of iron precipitates and gypsum at higher pH values. Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the possibility of reducing acid, iron and sulphate concentration from synthetic AMD using two types of slag namely the basic oxygen furnace and stainless steel slag. These experiments include ratio tests, contact time tests and continuous flow studies. Experiments were performed to determine the optimum slag to AMD ratios that would result in maximum pH increase as well as maximum iron and sulphate reduction. These experiments were carried out by varying the amount of slag in use per 1L of AMD for a given period of time. The ratio tests showed that the amount of iron and sulphate removed as well reduction of acidity increased with an increase in the slag to AMD ratio with both slags used. This was an indication that chemical reaction and precipitation was taking place. It was found that 100 g/L of slag: AMD was the optimum ratio. At that ratio a resultant pH of 12.31, 99.7% iron reduction and 75.0% sulphate reduction was achieved. The reduction of acid, iron and sulphate concentration was rapid in the first hour of mixing slag and AMD in processes carried out to investigate the effect of contact time. It was discovered that reduction gradually decreased with time for all experiments under investigation. The continuous flow studies showed that slags were also capable of reducing acid, iron and sulphate concentration from synthetic AMD in a continuously flowing process. The data collected showed that iron was removed from 1000 mg/L to undetectable concentration while sulphate was reduced from 5000 mg/L to 743 mg/L, which translated to 85.1% decrease for a residence time of 2.0 hours. For a residence of 2.53 hours, sulphate was reduced from 5000 mg/L to 693 mg/L which translated to 86.1% decrease. The pH was also increased from 2.25 to 13.21. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) standards stipulate that wastewater must have iron concentration less than 0.30 mg/L and sulphate concentration less than 400 mg/L. The results show that iron was reduced below the iv DWAF general limit for wastewater while sulphate was still above that limit. A graph was also created to predict the amount of slag required to treat different AMD flowrates for different residence times and target concentrations of iron and sulphate. The results obtained, it was shown that slags are a viable option to treating AMD. The results also revealed that basic oxygen furnace slag was better than stainless steel slag for reducing acidity, iron and sulp...

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Section: Reduction Of Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reduction Of Iron Concentration In Acid Mine Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Remediation of acid mine drainage using metallurgical slags

Name

Sheridan

2014

Minerals Engineering

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“…Rutkowski et al 2013), but a few have been constructed to treat acidic coal mine effluent, typically to remove selenium (Sandy and DiSante 2010). Other examples of bioreactors treating AMD from coal-mined sites include the Jennings site in PA, which plugged after 8 years but was restored by mixing and adding new reactants (Rose 2004a); the Fran site (Gusek and Schueck 2004); the Strattanville, PA, site where the system worked satisfactorily for 2 years but then failed in part because of lack of maintenance (Rose 2010); and the Reed site, which effectively treated a large flow for at least a year (Rose 2010).…”

Section: Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since organic materials play such a crucial role in biological passive systems, a variety of organic materials have been evaluated (Place et al 2006;Neculita et al 2007;Rose 2010). Organic materials provide sorption sites for metals, and nutrients and attachment sites for microorganisms that perform essential functions, including DO consumption.…”

Section: Organic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Passive Systems for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

et al. 2016

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acid neutralization and oxidation and precipitation of the resulting metal flocs. Before selecting an appropriate treatment technology, the AMD conditions and chemistry must be characterized. Flow, acidity and alkalinity, metal, and dissolved oxygen concentrations are critical parameters. This paper reviews the current state of passive system technology development, provides results for various system types, and provides guidance for sizing and effective operation.Keywords Anoxic limestone drains · Bioreactors · Limestone leach beds · Low-pH Fe oxidation channels · Open limestone channels · Wetlands Acid Mine DrainageOxidation of pyritic materials during and after mining produces sulfuric acid and metal ions. These products react with host rock and surface and groundwater to create a range of water chemistries from pH 2 to 8 and elevated ion concentrations. Such waters have traditionally been called acid mine drainage (AMD) and alkaline mine drainage. I n this paper, we use AMD when the water is acidic and state clearly in the text when the water being referred to is not acidic. When AMD enters surface water bodies, biotic impairment often occurs through direct toxicity, habitat alteration by metal precipitates, nutrient cycle alterations, or other mechanisms, and the water often becomes unsuitable for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. The process of pyrite oxidation and its effects on water resources have been known for centuries (Nordstrom 2011;Seal and Shanks 2008) and AMD is a worldwide concern (Younger and Wolkersdorfer 2004). Damaging effects of AMD have been described by researchers in Asia (David 2003; Wei Abstract When appropriately designed and maintained, passive systems can provide long-term, efficient, and effective treatment for many acid mine drainage (AMD) sources. Passive AMD treatment relies on natural processes to neutralize acidity and to oxidize or reduce and precipitate metal contaminants. Passive treatment is most suitable for small to moderate AMD discharges of appropriate chemistry, but periodic inspection and maintenance plus eventual renovation are generally required. Passive treatment technologies can be separated into biological and geochemical types. Biological passive treatment technologies generally rely on bacterial activity, and may use organic matter to stimulate microbial sulfate reduction and to adsorb contaminants; constructed wetlands, vertical flow wetlands, and bioreactors are all examples. Geochemical systems place alkalinity-generating materials such as limestone in contact with AMD (direct treatment) or with fresh water upgradient of the AMD. Most passive treatment systems employ multiple methods, often in series, to promote 1 3Mine Water Environ (2017) 36:133-153

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The Use of Mussel Shells in Upward-Flow Sulfate-Reducing Bioreactors Treating Acid Mine Drainage

Uster

O’Sullivan

et al. 2014

Mine Water Environ

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Advances in Passive Treatment of Coal Mine Drainage 1998-2009

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Remediation of acid mine drainage using metallurgical slags

Remediation of acid mine drainage using metallurgical slags

Review of Passive Systems for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

The Use of Mussel Shells in Upward-Flow Sulfate-Reducing Bioreactors Treating Acid Mine Drainage

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