Advances in Phage Therapy: Targeting the Burkholderia cepacia Complex

Abstract

The increasing prevalence and worldwide distribution of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens is an imminent danger to public health and threatens virtually all aspects of modern medicine. Particularly concerning, yet insufficiently addressed, are the members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of at least twenty opportunistic, hospital-transmitted, and notoriously drug-resistant species, which infect and cause morbidity in patients who are immunocompromised and those afflicted with chronic illnesses, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). One potential solution to the antimicrobial resistance crisis is phage therapy—the use of phages for the treatment of bacterial infections. Although phage therapy has a long and somewhat checkered history, an impressive volume of modern research has been amassed in the past decades to show that when applied through specific, scientifically supported treatment strategies, phage therapy is highly efficacious and is a promising avenue against drug-resistant and difficult-to-treat pathogens, such as the Bcc. In this review, we discuss the clinical significance of the Bcc, the advantages of phage therapy, and the theoretical and clinical advancements made in phage therapy in general over the past decades, and apply these concepts specifically to the nascent, but growing and rapidly developing, field of Bcc phage therapy.

The Isolation and Characterization of a Broad Host Range Bcep22-like Podovirus JC1

“…A significant number of Burkholderia phages likely use the LPS as their primary receptor for infection [ 65 ]. A collection of B. cenocepacia K56-2 LPS mutants have been previously constructed and characterized [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Diabetic foot infection caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex: Report of an unusual case with a scoping literature review

“…Primary cellular resistance tools, along with membrane impermeability and drug extrusion through e ux pumps, provide extensive defense against distinct classes of antimicrobials. BCC species remain in part susceptible to ticarcillin, ceftazidime, quinolones, minocycline, tobramycin, meropenem, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 27 .…”

Diabetic foot infection caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex: Report of an unusual case and a scoping review

“…Primary cellular resistance tools, membrane impermeability, and drug extrusion through e ux pumps provide extensive defense against distinct classes of antimicrobials. BCC species that remain partly susceptible to ticarcillin, ceftazidime, quinolones, minocycline, tobramycin, meropenem, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 20 .…”