Advances in Recent Patent and Clinical Trial Drug Development for Alzheimer’s Disease

Liu, Haibin; Wang, Lirong; Sui, Weiwei; Xie, Xiang‐Qun

doi:10.4155/ppa.14.22

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…2 Currently, no effective anti-AD drugs are available to either stop or reverse the progression of AD, although the development of anti-AD drugs has been slightly successful in aspects of symptomatic improvement, such as the development of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. 3,4 AD is characterized pathologically by deposition of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. 5 Amyloid-b (Ab), the major component of senile plaques, is derived from sequential proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein by sequential cleavages of b-secretase and c-secretase and plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AD.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of 6-Gingerol on Inhibiting Amyloid β Protein-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells

Zeng

Zong

Zhang

et al. 2015

Rejuvenation Research

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Our previous study suggests that ginger root extract can reverse behavioral dysfunction and prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like symptoms induced by the amyloid-b protein (Ab) in a rat model. 6-Gingerol is the major gingerol in ginger rhizomes, but its effect on the treatment of AD remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine if 6-gingerol had a protective effect on Ab 1-42 -induced damage and apoptotic death in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which 6-gingerol may exert its neuroprotective effects. Our results indicated that pre-treatment with 6-gingerol significantly increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis in Ab 1-42 -treated cells. Moreover, 6-gingerol pretreatment markedly reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the production of nitric oxide (NO), and the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared with the Ab 1-42 treatment group. In addition, 6-gingerol pretreatment also significantly enhanced the protein levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase-3b (p-GSK-3b). Overall, these results indicate that 6-gingerol exhibited protective effects on apoptosis induced by Ab 1-42 in cultured PC12 cells by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, suppressing the activation of GSK-3b and enhancing the activation of Akt, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. Therefore, 6-gingerol may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of AD.

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confidence: 99%

The Role of 6-Gingerol on Inhibiting Amyloid β Protein-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells

Zeng

Zong

Zhang

et al. 2015

Rejuvenation Research

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“…has both neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects and also has the ability to improve the cognitive impairment in transgenic mice, 154 The Phase II trial has been completed for its evaluations on safety and tolerability. 155…”

Section: Neurotrophinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two decades of new drug discovery and development for Alzheimer's disease

et al. 2017

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“…Alzheimer' s disease is considered the most common cause of dementia (1,2), covering about 60-80% of dementia cases worldwide (3). Available data indicate that the incidence of sporadic Alzheimer' s disease is common and reaches 10-50% persons over the age of 65 (4). Factors that may be involved in the development of the disease include lifestyle habits such as diet, exercise, education, cognition and aging, immunosenescence, chronic infections and inflammation, latent infections, vascular factors, sleep problems and more (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tau Protein-Targeted Therapies in Alzheimer’s Disease: Current State and Future Perspectives

Pluta

Ułamek-Kozioł

2020

Alzheimer’s Disease: Drug Discovery

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Drugs available on the market for the treatment of Alzheimer' s disease show only low symptomatic efficacy and phase 3 clinical trials against amyloid have been negative over the past 20 years. As dysfunctional tau protein is more closely correlated with dementia than amyloid, targeting tau protein may be more effective in improving cognitive function in cases of Alzheimer' s disease. It should be emphasized that the development of tau protein therapy is in many ways more complicated than the development of anti-amyloid therapy. Several antibodies to the tau protein and two vaccines are currently undergoing clinical trials. Relatively speaking, tau protein therapy for Alzheimer' s disease is still in its infancy. The purpose of this chapter is to draw the readers' attention to the various uncertainties and barriers to the success of tau protein therapy in treating Alzheimer' s disease, and to show how future research and clinical trials can avoid previous limitations or mistakes.

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Advances in Recent Patent and Clinical Trial Drug Development for Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 23 publications

References 113 publications

The Role of 6-Gingerol on Inhibiting Amyloid β Protein-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells

The Role of 6-Gingerol on Inhibiting Amyloid β Protein-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells

Two decades of new drug discovery and development for Alzheimer's disease

Tau Protein-Targeted Therapies in Alzheimer’s Disease: Current State and Future Perspectives

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