Advances in research of the structural gene characteristics of the aflatoxin biosynthetic gene cluster

Li, Qizhang; He, Zhu‐Mei

doi:10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001022

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(249 reference statements)

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“…The aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway requires at least 18 enzymatic reactions and involves up to 30 genes ( 40 ). AflO , encoding O -methyltransferase I, is a key enzyme in aflatoxin biosynthesis ( 41 ), and studies have found that loss of aflO can significantly inhibit aflatoxin production ( 42 ). The aflU gene is located at the end of a gene cluster and encodes a polypeptide with a heme-binding domain of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis ( 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estragole Inhibits Growth and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus by Affecting Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis

Liang,

Zhang,

Hao

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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Aspergillus flavus contaminates crops and produces aflatoxins, carcinogenic secondary metabolites which pose a serious threat to agricultural production and animal and human health. Currently, control of A. flavus growth and mycotoxin contamination mainly relies on antimicrobial chemicals, agents with side effects such as toxic residues and the emergence of resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estragole Inhibits Growth and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus by Affecting Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis

Liang,

Zhang,

Hao

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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“… A schematic diagram of the biosynthesis pathway of aflatoxin B1, indicating the corresponding encoding genes. Modified from [ 47 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic Trichoderma harzianum AYM3

Madbouly

Rashad

Ibrahim

et al. 2023

JoF

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Aflatoxin B1 is one of the most deleterious types of mycotoxins. The application of an endophytic fungus for biodegradation or biosuppression of AFB1 production by Aspergillus flavus was investigated. About 10 endophytic fungal species, isolated from healthy maize plants, were screened for their in vitro AFs-degrading activity using coumarin medium. The highest degradation potential was recorded for Trichoderma sp. (76.8%). This endophyte was identified using the rDNA-ITS sequence as Trichoderma harzianum AYM3 and assigned an accession no. of ON203053. It caused a 65% inhibition in the growth of A. flavus AYM2 in vitro. HPLC analysis revealed that T. harzianum AYM3 had a biodegradation potential against AFB1. Co-culturing of T. harazianum AYM3 and A. flavus AYM2 on maize grains led to a significant suppression (67%) in AFB1 production. GC-MS analysis identified two AFB1-suppressing compounds, acetic acid and n-propyl acetate. Investigating effect on the transcriptional expression of five AFB1 biosynthesis-related genes in A. flavus AYM2 revealed the downregulating effects of T. harzianum AYM3 metabolites on expression of aflP and aflS genes. Using HepaRG cell line, the cytotoxicity assay indicated that T. harazianum AYM3 metabolites were safe. Based on these results, it can be concluded that T. harzianum AYM3 may be used to suppress AFB1 production in maize grains.

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Characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi associated with stored grains

El-Dawy,

Gherbawy,

Hussein

2024

Mycotoxin Res

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Increased frequencies of Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxins in cereal grains have been seen in recent years due to changes in climate circumstances, such as high temperatures and drought. To assess the microbiological risks of contamination, it is critical to have a reliable and accurate means of identifying the fungi. The main goal of this study was to characterize Aspergillus species from section Flavi obtained from twenty-three samples of barley and maize grains, gathered from different markets in Qena, Egypt, using morphological and molecular techniques. Twenty-three isolates were chosen, one isolate from each sample; they were identified as A. aflatoxiformans (4 isolates), A. flavus (18), and A. parasiticus (1). The existence of four aflatoxin biosynthesis genes was also investigated in relation to the strains’ ability to produce total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1, focusing on the regulatory gene aflR and the structural genes aflD and aflM. All strains producing aflatoxins were linked to the presence of aflR1 and/or aflR2, except two isolates that exhibited aflatoxins but from which aflR1 or aflR2 were not detected, which may be due to one or more missing or unstudied additional genes involved in aflatoxin production. AflD and aflM genes were amplified by 10 and 9 isolates, respectively. Five samples of barley and maize were contaminated by aflatoxins. Fifteen isolates were positive for producing total aflatoxins in the range of 0.1–240 ppm. Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma viride against A. flavus (F5) was assessed at 31.3%. Trichoderma reduced total aflatoxins in all treated seeds, particularly those subjected to Trichoderma formulation.

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Advances in research of the structural gene characteristics of the aflatoxin biosynthetic gene cluster

Cited by 6 publications

References 98 publications

Estragole Inhibits Growth and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus by Affecting Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis

Estragole Inhibits Growth and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus by Affecting Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis

Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic Trichoderma harzianum AYM3

Characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi associated with stored grains

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