Advances in sebaceous gland research: potential new approaches to acne management

Downie, M.M.T.; Guy, Robert; Kealey, Terence

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00238.x

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 186 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…It is accepted that to synthesize lipids, sebaceous glands need energy that may be acquired through the betaoxidation of fatty acids and/or glucose catabolism. 35 According to Downine and Kaealey, the pattern of lipid synthesis is maintained by the endogenous glycogen, an important NADPH supplier, for the synthesis of triglycerides. Therefore, it is possible that the ingestion of food with a low glycemic index may alter the stock of glycogen in sebaceous glands, and this may be a limiting factor in sebaceous lipogenesis.…”

Section: Hypothesis N 0 6: Corroborating Evidence Of the Association mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is possible that the ingestion of food with a low glycemic index may alter the stock of glycogen in sebaceous glands, and this may be a limiting factor in sebaceous lipogenesis. 35,36 It is suggested that food with a low glycemic index influences sebum composition by means of metabolic effects and/or, secondarily, levels of free testosterone and androgens. Evidence shows that a low glycemic index diet can lower glycogen stocks in the tissues of the body (muscle and liver), thus limiting sebaceous lipogenesis.…”

Section: Hypothesis N 0 6: Corroborating Evidence Of the Association mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Based on what has been described above, it is thought that low glycemic index food can influence sebum production by means of a synchronized modulation of androgens and of glycogen stocks, as shown in the diagram below (Figure 1). 7,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] A single study published by Kayamak 42 refuted this theory by showing that the glycemic index of a diet, glycemic weight, and insulin levels do not play a role in the pathogenesis of acne presented by young patients. However, this study is heavily criticized for being the only one that goes against common knowledge among experts in the issue.…”

Section: Hypothesis N 0 6: Corroborating Evidence Of the Association mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acne e dieta: verdade ou mito?

Costa

Lage

Moisés

2010

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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Numerous studies were published over the last 50 years to investigate whether diet is associated with the etiology of acne. Although older studies well known by dermatologists that refute the association between acne and diet exist, their scientific foundation is weak. New articles have recently brought to light evidence contrary to previous findings. Therefore, we would like to investigate whether diet, directly or indirectly, influences one or more of the four fundamental etiopathogenic pillars of acne: (1) hyperproliferation of basal keratinocytes, (2) increase of sebaceous production, (3) colonization by Propionibacterium acnes, and (4) inflammation. Keywords: Acne vulgaris; Diet; Glycemic index Resumo: Nos últimos 50 anos, foram publicados inúmeros estudos com a finalidade de comprovar se a dieta está relacionada à etiologia da acne. Embora existam estudos antigos, que são bem difundidos entre os dermatologistas e negam a associação entre acne e dieta, seu delineamento científico é pobre. Recentemente, novos artigos demonstraram evidências contrárias às publicações anteriores. Sendo assim, os autores realizaram esta revisão bibliográfica com o intuito de averiguar se a dieta influencia direta ou indiretamente um ou mais dos quatro pilares etiopatogênicos fundamentais da acne: (1) hiperproliferação dos queratinócitos basais, (2) aumento da produção sebácea, (3) colonização pelo Propionibacterium acnes e (4) inflamação.

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Section: Hypothesis N 0 6: Corroborating Evidence Of the Association mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesis N 0 6: Corroborating Evidence Of the Association mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesis N 0 6: Corroborating Evidence Of the Association mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acne e dieta: verdade ou mito?

Costa

Lage

Moisés

2010

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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“…Production of sebum depends on the density, location and activity of sebaceous glands [25]. In such areas as the scalp, the T zone of the face, the sternum or the interscapular areas, their density amounts to 900 per square centimetre of the skin, but in other places less than 100 sebaceous glands per square centimetre are observed [19,26].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function

Boer¹,

Duchnik²,

Maleszka³

et al. 2016

pdia

189

178

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A b s t r a c tThe complex structure of human skin and its physicochemical properties turn it into an efficient outermost defence line against exogenous factors, and help maintain homeostasis of the human body. This role is played by the epidermal barrier with its major part -stratum corneum. The condition of the epidermal barrier depends on individual and environmental factors. The most important biophysical parameters characterizing the status of this barrier are the skin pH, epidermal hydration, transepidermal water loss and sebum excretion. The knowledge of biophysical skin processes may be useful for the implementation of prophylactic actions whose aim is to restore the barrier function.Key words: epidermal barrier, sebum, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, skin pH. Skin is a barrier between the human body and the external environment. It protects the body against exogenous chemical and physical factors, takes part in the metabolic processes, plays a resorptive and thermoregulatory function, being the first line of defence against pathogenic microorganisms, and it partakes in immunological processes [1]. Review paperThe complex structure of human skin and its physicochemical characteristics turn it into an effective outermost defence line against exogenous factors, and help maintain homeostasis of the human body. This role is played by the epidermal barrier, in which the corneal layer of epidermis has a particularly important function to perform [1][2][3]. It consists of 15-20 layers of fully cornified keratinocytescorneocytes. In the bottom part of the cornified layer, the cells closely adjoin each other, while in the top part they are arranged loosely and undergo scaling. Construction of the corneal layer resembles a wall in which corneocytes stand for bricks, and a fat-abundant intercellular matrix is the cement [4,5]. The interior of the corneal layer cells is filled with cytokeratin filaments bonded with filaggrin. These cells are surrounded by a stiff, cornified encasement built mostly of the loricrin protein, forming a part of the so-called protein-lipid envelope [2,3,6]. The envelope is connected with the extracellular liquid crystal matrix and constitutes the border between the hydrophilic surface of the cells and the lipophilic non-polar fatty acids of the matrix surrounding corneocytes [7].The thickness of the outer layer of the epidermis, the size of corneocytes, and the composition of superficial lipids impact the regenerative properties of the skin, which contributes to the various courses of dermatological diseases, and the process of healing alike. Anatomical areas with thick epidermis are more resistant to external factors [8]. On the other hand, the areas with a relatively thin cornified layer, such as the face, are characterized by high susceptibility to damaging factors, but also by the ability to re-establish the barrier function very fast. It is connected with a high proliferative activity, thus quick regeneration of the epidermis, intensive vascularity, good hydration, and pr...

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“…58 The ductal epithelium, which comprises three layers (basal, intermediate, granular layers), lies between these quiescent stem cells and the transit-amplifying "basal" cells that encapsulate the distal part of the SG. 57 Whether the various cell types in the ductal epithelium and gland per se represent different steps along a single path to differentiation, or are the product of distinct differentiation programs from a common progenitor, is unknown, as is the pattern of cell movement within SG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hedgehog Signaling, Keratin 6 Induction, and Sebaceous Gland Morphogenesis

2008

The American Journal of Pathology

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Advances in sebaceous gland research: potential new approaches to acne management

Cited by 28 publications

References 186 publications

Acne e dieta: verdade ou mito?

Acne e dieta: verdade ou mito?

Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function

Hedgehog Signaling, Keratin 6 Induction, and Sebaceous Gland Morphogenesis

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