Advances in the application of scanning electrochemical microscopy to bioanalytical systems

Roberts, William S.; Lonsdale, D.; Griffiths, John; Higson, Séamus P.J.

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2007.06.020

Cited by 68 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…At typical enzyme activities, the maximal surface concentration simulated by finite element method in 3D space with and without considering the transport restriction caused by the electrode body agreed within 10% (results not shown). In general, we found that the determination of the GOx activity in static mode is superior to the most commonly used dynamic (single line) scanning mode [48]. Single line scans are rendered difficult also by geometrical alignment issues that can be overcome in 2D imaging mode however at the price of dramatically increased scanning times.…”

Section: Secm Imaging Of Gold Mea Surfaces With and Without Immobilizmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microfabricated Amperometric Cells for Multicomponent Analysis

et al. 2009

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Towards the development of multianalyte electrochemical immunoassays three individually addressable microelectrode array (MEA) type working electrodes and a reference electrode were integrated into a 4 mL volume, planar electrochemical cell. To model the simultaneous determination of multiple antigens in the cell with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) glucose oxidase (GOx), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and b-galactosidase (b-GAL) were immobilized site specifically onto the individual MEA surfaces and the biocatalitic activity of these surface confined enzymes were evaluated by measuring the products of the enzyme catalyzed reactions directly on the gold MEA surfaces by chronoamperometry or by imaging the enzyme patterned microelectrode array surfaces by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM). ALP and b-GAL were selected as model enzymes because they are the most commonly used enzymes labels in ELISAs. In these measurements glucose, ascorbic acid phosphate (AAP), and p-aminophenyl-b-d-galactopyranoside (PAPG) served as enzyme substrates, respectively. The electrochemical surface area of the gold MEAs did not change during the multistep immobilization process. All enzyme modified MEAs presented selective and proportional responses to their substrates and the response characteristics of the enzyme modified sensors were identical in separate and simultaneous calibration protocols, i.e., there was no crosscontamination between the closely placed MEAs. The SECM images of the enzyme patterned MEA surfaces suggest that nonspecific adsorption is negligible on the insulating polyimide surface of the MEA separating the individual microelectrode sites.

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Section: Secm Imaging Of Gold Mea Surfaces With and Without Immobilizmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microfabricated Amperometric Cells for Multicomponent Analysis

et al. 2009

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“…The approach involves exploiting the Coulombic interactions between a negatively charged solution-based redox mediator, [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4À , and the backbone phosphodiester groups of the immobilized DNA strands as shown in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Multiplexed Dna Visualization Of Hybridization and Mismatch mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This present chapter will provide a brief overview of the principles and feedback modes of SECM operation followed by a discussion of label-free DNA hybridization and mismatch detection by SECM. There are a number of excellent reviews available that cover the theory of SECM [3,4]and its application to the study of biophysical and bioanalytical systems [5,6], including the study of living cells and their metabolism [7]. When a positive potential is applied, a reducing agent in solution diffuse to the UME tip and get oxidized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: A Multiplexing Tool for Electrochemical DNA Biosensing

Shamsi¹,

Kraatz²

2015

Handbook of Nanoelectrochemistry

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Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) translates the current generated by an electrochemical reaction occurring at a tip electrode scanned across a surface substrate into an image. SECM not only provides a simple electrochemical image of the conductive and/or insulating substrate but also provides kinetic information of the heterogeneous electron transfer reactions when the tip electrode approaches the surface. Applications including biosensing have been demonstrated. In this chapter, we will focus on recent advances in the application of SECM toward the label-free detection of base pair mismatches in DNA.Despite having nanometer dimensions, the base pair mismatches along a DNA strand can be readily detected by SECM in an array format through exploiting the negative charge in the vicinity of selfassembled DNA films. The response can be amplified using metal ions to enhance the discrimination between matched and mismatched DNA films. This simple strategy has been used to probe the position of a single nucleotide mismatch, the type of the mismatch, and hybridization position of complementary strand and even allows the identification of various animal species.

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“…Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been applied to characterization of biological processes in living cells [1]. The microelectrode used as an SECM probe is positioned close to a cell in order to determine the influx and efflux of biologically important molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Apparent Michaelis Constant of Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on a Microelectrode with Respect to Oxygen

2010

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We report determination of the apparent Michaelis constant of glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on a microelectrode with respect to oxygen. We used a GOx-modified microelectrode as a probe for scanning electrochemical microscopy. We detected hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzyme reaction at the microelectrode under controlling the oxygen concentration using water electrolysis at an interdigitated array (IDA) electrode. The response depends on the oxygen concentration, which is regulated by the microelectrode position and the potential applied to the IDA electrode. We estimated the apparent Michaelis constant with respect to oxygen in this experimental condition to be about 0.28 mM.

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Advances in the application of scanning electrochemical microscopy to bioanalytical systems

Cited by 68 publications

References 126 publications

Microfabricated Amperometric Cells for Multicomponent Analysis

Microfabricated Amperometric Cells for Multicomponent Analysis

Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: A Multiplexing Tool for Electrochemical DNA Biosensing

Determination of the Apparent Michaelis Constant of Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on a Microelectrode with Respect to Oxygen

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