Advances in the enantioseparation of second‐generation antidepressant drugs by electrodriven methods

Abstract

Stereochemistry is steadily increasing in importance in the development of new drugs, and the availability of pure enantiomer drugs can make therapy safer and more efficacious. In particular, almost all second-generation antidepressant drugs possess one or more chiral centres; however, only some of them are administered as single enantiomers. A fundamental part of the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations is the determination of enantiomeric excess and enantiomeric purity; this is also important for the therapeutic drug monitoring of depressed patients. For this purpose, efficient and reliable analytical methods are needed and electrodriven techniques (most of all CE, CEC and MEKC) are very efficient and inexpensive candidates for the role. In this review, the enantioselective electrodriven methods available for the analysis of second-generation antidepressant are presented and discussed. In particular, the following pharmacological classes of antidepressants will be considered: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine, sertraline); norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (reboxetine); serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (venlafaxine, milnacipran, duloxetine); and noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (mirtazapine).

Review of aqueous chiral electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with an emphasis on chiral microemulsion EKC

“…Due to the vast exploration in this subject, numerous reviews detailing fundamentals and applications can be found in the literature prior to 2005 [6][7][8][9][10][11] and over the past two years [12][13][14][15]. Reviews have also covered methods developed specifically for pharmaceutical compounds [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], biological compounds [23], chiral LC-MS/ CE-MS [24], pesticides [25], pollutants [26], and food additives [27,28].…”

Electrodriven methods for the enantioseparation of second‐generation antidepressant drugs: An update

“…The first part of this review was published in 2006 [19]. It reported and commented upon the most significant papers regarding the enantioseparation of second-generation antidepressants by electrodriven methods, up to the first half of 2004.…”

On‐line sample stacking and short‐end injection CE for the determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in plasma: Method development and validation using experimental designs

“…To obtain adequate sensitivity Desiderio et al [17] described a method combining CE with a diode array UV detector and the aid of a zeta-shaped cell. Another work used MEKC with solid-phase microextraction prior to analysis [19]. In this study, we tested a few of the above on-line injection techniques to develop a rapid and relatively simple CZE method to achieve higher detection sensitivity than the basic mode of CZE.…”