Advances in the studies of Rice stripe virus

Xiao, Dan; Li, Weiming; Wèi, Tàiyún; Wu, Zujian; Xie, Liji

doi:10.1007/s11703-010-1039-1

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Continuous cultures of cells derived from insect vectors are powerful tools for studying the replication cycle of persistent propagative plant viruses because they are more uniform than primary cultures and thus provide more consistent data (Creamer, 1993). Continuous cultures of leafhopper cells provide a good system to study the replication cycle of phytoreoviruses in their insect vectors (Kimura & Omura, 1988;Omura & Kimura, 1994;Wei et al, 2006Wei et al, , 2007.Rice stripe virus (RSV), the type species of the genus Tenuivirus, has filamentous ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that contain nucleoprotein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and four negative-sense single-stranded RNA segments that encode seven proteins (Toriyama, 1986;Falk & Tsai, 1998;Wei et al, 2009;Xiao et al, 2010). RSV is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH; Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) in a persistent propagative manner (Toriyama, 1986;Wei et al, 2009).…”

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An insect cell line derived from the small brown planthopper supports replication of rice stripe virus, a tenuivirus

Chen

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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A cell line from the small brown planthopper (SBPH; Laodelphax striatellus) was established to study replication of rice stripe virus (RSV), a tenuivirus. The SBPH cell line, which had been subcultured through 30 passages, formed monolayers of epithelial-like cells. Inoculation of cultured vector cells with RSV resulted in a persistent infection. During viral infection in the SBPH cell line, the viral non-structural protein NS3 co-localized with the filamentous ribonucleoprotein particles of RSV, as revealed by electron and confocal microscopy. The knockdown of NS3 expression due to RNA interference induced by synthesized double-stranded RNAs from the NS3 gene significantly inhibited viral infection in the SBPH cell line. These results demonstrated that NS3 of RSV might be involved in viral replication or assembly. The persistent infection of the SBPH cell line by RSV will enable a better understanding of the complex relationship between RSV and its insect vector.Plant viruses in the genera Tospovirus, Tenuivirus, Rhabdovirus, Phytoreovirus and Fijivirus are transmitted by their respective insect vectors in a persistent propagative manner (Ammar et al., 2009;Hogenhout et al., 2008). Insights into replication of these viruses in their vectors will help in development of new strategies to control the transmission of the viruses by the vectors. Continuous cultures of cells derived from insect vectors are powerful tools for studying the replication cycle of persistent propagative plant viruses because they are more uniform than primary cultures and thus provide more consistent data (Creamer, 1993). Continuous cultures of leafhopper cells provide a good system to study the replication cycle of phytoreoviruses in their insect vectors (Kimura & Omura, 1988;Omura & Kimura, 1994;Wei et al., 2006Wei et al., , 2007.Rice stripe virus (RSV), the type species of the genus Tenuivirus, has filamentous ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that contain nucleoprotein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and four negative-sense single-stranded RNA segments that encode seven proteins (Toriyama, 1986;Falk & Tsai, 1998;Wei et al., 2009;Xiao et al., 2010). RSV is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH; Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) in a persistent propagative manner (Toriyama, 1986;Wei et al., 2009). Currently, the mechanism that enables efficient multiplication of RSV in its vector is unknown due to the lack of SBPH cell lines. In previous attempts to establish primary cell cultures, only a small number of cells migrated occasionally from the embryonic explants dissected from SBPH eggs, and eventually the subculture died off (Mitsuhashi, 1969(Mitsuhashi, , 2001Yamada et al., 1970). The present report describes the first successful establishment of continuous cultures of SBPHs for the study of RSV replication.The SBPH cell line was established by adapting the protocol described by Kimura & Omura (1988). Nonviruliferous SBPHs eggs that had been oviposited 8 days earlier in leaf sheaths of rice plants were surface-sterilized with 70 % ...

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An insect cell line derived from the small brown planthopper supports replication of rice stripe virus, a tenuivirus

Chen

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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“…Rice stripe disease (Figure g) is a serious disease caused by rice stripe virus, an RNA virus transmitted by small brown plant hoppers. Over 80% of the rice fields in eastern China and Korea are affected by this disease annually (Xiao et al ., ). Five major resistance QTLs have been reported, and one of them was characterized recently (Wang et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Advances in understanding broad‐spectrum resistance to pathogens in rice

Deng

Wang

2017

The Plant Journal

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Summary Rice diseases caused by multiple pathogen species are a major obstacle to achieving optimal yield. Using host pathogen species‐non‐specific broad‐spectrum resistance (BSR) for rice improvement is an efficient way to control diseases. Recent advances in rice genomics and improved understanding of the mechanisms of rice‐pathogen interactions have shown that using a single gene to improve rice BSR to multiple pathogen species is technically possible and the necessary resources exist. A variety of rice genes, including major disease resistance genes and defense‐responsive genes, which function in pattern‐triggered immunity signaling, effector‐triggered immunity signaling or quantitative resistance, can mediate BSR to two or more pathogen species independently. These genes encode diverse proteins and function differently in promoting disease resistance, thus providing a relatively broad choice for different breeding programs. This updated knowledge will facilitate rice improvement with pathogen species‐non‐specific BSR via gene marker‐assisted selection or biotechnological approaches.

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“…Rice ( Oryza sativa ) is a requisite food for more than half of the world’s population. Rice stripe virus (RSV), a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus of the genus Tenuivirus , causes one of the most destructive rice diseases and has resulted in severe yield losses in over 80% of the rice fields in eastern Asian countries ( 14 , 15 ). RSV is specifically transmitted by the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus in a persistent-propagative mode ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Plant Virus Ensures Viral Stability in the Hemolymph of Vector Insects through Suppressing Prophenoloxidase Activation

Chen

Wang

et al. 2020

mBio

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Most plant viruses require vector insects for transmission. Viral stability in the hemolymph of vector insects is a prerequisite for successful transmission of persistent plant viruses. However, knowledge of whether the proteolytic activation of prophenoloxidase (PPO) affects the stability of persistent plant viruses remains elusive. Here, we explored the interplay between rice stripe virus (RSV) and the PPO cascade of the vector small brown planthopper. Phenoloxidase (PO) activity was suppressed by RSV by approximately 60%. When the PPO cascade was activated, we found distinct melanization around RSV particles and serious damage to viral stability in the hemolymph. Viral suppression of PO activity was derived from obstruction of proteolytic cleavage of PPOs by binding of the viral nonstructural protein NS3. These results indicate that RSV attenuates the PPO response to ensure viral stability in the hemolymph of vector insects. Our research provides enlightening cues for controlling the transmission of vector-borne viruses. IMPORTANCE Large ratios of vector-borne plant viruses circulate in the hemolymph of their vector insects before entering the salivary glands to be transmitted to plants. The stability of virions in the hemolymph is vital in this process. Activation of the proteolytic prophenoloxidase (PPO) to produce active phenoloxidase (PO) is one of the major innate immune pathways in insect hemolymph. How a plant virus copes with the PPO immune reaction in its vector insect remains unclear. Here, we report that the PPO affects the stability of rice stripe virus (RSV), a notorious rice virus, in the hemolymph of a vector insect, the small brown planthopper. RSV suppresses PPO activation using viral nonstructural protein. Once the level of PO activity is elevated, RSV is melanized and eliminated from the hemolymph. Our work gives valuable clues for developing novel strategies for controlling the transmission of vector-borne plant viruses.

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Advances in the studies of Rice stripe virus

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

An insect cell line derived from the small brown planthopper supports replication of rice stripe virus, a tenuivirus

An insect cell line derived from the small brown planthopper supports replication of rice stripe virus, a tenuivirus

Advances in understanding broad‐spectrum resistance to pathogens in rice

A Plant Virus Ensures Viral Stability in the Hemolymph of Vector Insects through Suppressing Prophenoloxidase Activation

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