Advances in triboelectric nanogenerator powered electrowetting-on-dielectric devices: Mechanism, structures, and applications

Applications of multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices: materials and prospects

“…These sensors are capable of independent operation and data transmission utilizing collected energy. 36 TENGs might be used in the biomedical industry. They can be used to power implanted devices such as pacemakers or medicine delivery systems, eliminating the need for battery replacement.…”

Water droplet energy harvesting

“…As a kind of high-entropy energy, significant progress has been made in harvesting droplet energy based on various mechanisms and showing decent perspectives of powering the worldwide-distributed electronics and sensing nodes, as shown in Figure 1. 19,29,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] In 1867, a British scientist, Lord Kelvin invented the Kelvin water dropper based on electrostatic induction, regarded as an earlier classic droplet energy harvesting technology. 41,58,59 Then, the theories and models of raindrop energy harvesting relaying on the piezoelectric, 35,60 reverse electrowetting, 42,[61][62][63] and hydrovoltaic technology [64][65][66] are sequentially proposed, intending to practical applications in diverse selfpowered sensing systems.…”

“…As a kind of high‐entropy energy, significant progress has been made in harvesting droplet energy based on various mechanisms and showing decent perspectives of powering the worldwide‐distributed electronics and sensing nodes, as shown in Figure 1 19,29,49–57 . In 1867, a British scientist, Lord Kelvin invented the Kelvin water dropper based on electrostatic induction, regarded as an earlier classic droplet energy harvesting technology 41,58,59 .…”

Polar coordinate active-matrix digital microfluidics for high-resolution concentration gradient generation

“…9 Concentration gradient generators based on microfluidic chips have been rapidly developed in recent decades, [10][11][12][13][14] attracting significant attention due to their advantages such as low reagent consumption, ease of control, and automation. 15 Compared with macro-scale systems, the micro-scale characteristics of microfluidic devices can effectively reduce the use of chemical reagents and precious drugs. [16][17][18] However, traditional microfluidic chips require the construction of microchannels, micropump valves, or microwells on the chip, which limits the concentration gradient dilution method based on microfluidic technology to complex chip structures and devices, resulting in low operational flexibility and accuracy, limited integration and scalability, and limited application scenarios.…”