Advances in upward looking sonar technology for studying the processes of change in Arctic Ocean ice climate

Fissel, David B.; Marko, J.R.; Melling, Humfrey

doi:10.1080/1755876x.2008.11081884

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The acoustic frequency of the IPS is 420 kHz, corresponding to a wavelength of ∼3.5mm. The IPS detects the distance from the instrument to a target which is the underside of the sea ice, or, in its absence, the ocean surface, at a sampling interval of 1 s. In the target mode, the range (or distance) is recorded, as well as the maximum acoustic amplitude of the target (return strength) (Mellingand others, 1995; Fissel and others, 2008). The detected amplitude of the acoustic wave pressure reflected from underwater targets represents the digitized voltage amplitude, ‘return strength’.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of supercooled water and frazil ice formation in an Arctic coastal polynya from moorings and satellite imagery

et al. 2015

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Formation of supercooled water and frazil ice was studied in the Chukchi Sea coastal polynya off Barrow, Alaska, USA, in winter 2009/10, using moored salinity/temperature sensors and Ice Profiling Sonar (IPS) data along with satellite data. Oceanographic data from two moorings revealed episodic events of potential supercooling at 30–40m depth, including the possibility of in situ supercooling, while the polynya was open. We identified frazil ice-like signals in the IPS data down to 5–15 m depth, associated with large heat loss and windy, turbulent conditions in an active polynya. This likely represents the first IPS observation of frazil ice in the marine environment. On the day of the maximum signal of frazil ice, spaceborne synthetic aperture radar shows streaks of high backscatter within the polynya, indicating active frazil ice formation just downwind of the mooring sites. In addition, the longer-term potential supercooling that persisted for 1–3 weeks occurred twice despite the absence of polynya activity at the mooring sites. These events occurred during periods dominated by the northeastward current. A series of coastal polynyas had formed southwest of the mooring sites prior to these events. Thus, the water masses with potential supercooling were likely advected from these polynyas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of supercooled water and frazil ice formation in an Arctic coastal polynya from moorings and satellite imagery

et al. 2015

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“…The ULS measures the travel time of the sound reflected at the bottom of the floating sea ice, from which we calculate the ice draft, the underwater fraction of sea ice 54 . The raw data were processed to ice draft using procedures described in earlier literature 55,56 . The accuracy of each draft measurement ranges from 0.1 m (ice profiling sonars (IPS) deployed after 2006) to 0.2 m (ES300 instruments before 2006), while the uncertainty of each individual measurement is not subject to bias errors and the summary error statistics of monthly values are less than 0.1 m 57 .…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Regime shift in Arctic Ocean sea ice thickness

Sumata

Steur

Divine

et al. 2023

Nature

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Manifestations of climate change are often shown as gradual changes in physical or biogeochemical properties1. Components of the climate system, however, can show stepwise shifts from one regime to another, as a nonlinear response of the system to a changing forcing2. Here we show that the Arctic sea ice regime shifted in 2007 from thicker and deformed to thinner and more uniform ice cover. Continuous sea ice monitoring in the Fram Strait over the last three decades revealed the shift. After the shift, the fraction of thick and deformed ice dropped by half and has not recovered to date. The timing of the shift was preceded by a two-step reduction in residence time of sea ice in the Arctic Basin, initiated first in 2005 and followed by 2007. We demonstrate that a simple model describing the stochastic process of dynamic sea ice thickening explains the observed ice thickness changes as a result of the reduced residence time. Our study highlights the long-lasting impact of climate change on the Arctic sea ice through reduced residence time and its connection to the coupled ocean–sea ice processes in the adjacent marginal seas and shelves of the Arctic Ocean.

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“…Fissel et al . 2008). These data might provide useful empirical observations of sea ice for future studies in Terra Nova Bay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic deployments reveal Antarctic silverfish under ice in the Ross Sea

et al. 2018

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Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica Boulenger) are a keystone species in the Ross Sea. Silverfish eggs and larvae are abundant during spring amongst the sub-surface platelet ice in Terra Nova Bay. It is not known whether the eggs are spawned elsewhere and accumulate under the ice or whether there is mass migration of silverfish to coastal spawning sites in winter. To test the latter hypothesis, an upward-looking 67 kHz echo sounder was moored in Terra Nova Bay to observe potential silverfish migration. The echo sounder was deployed at 380 m in a seabed depth of 550 m and ran for 210 days from 15 May until 11 December 2015. Acoustic reflections consistent with silverfish were observed at depths of 230–380 m during 9–22 September. This timing is consistent with the presence of eggs typically observed in October. Adult silverfish were also detected with an echo sounder and camera deployed through the ice in McMurdo Sound on 10 November 2015. Juvenile silverfish, but not adults, were observed through the ice in Terra Nova Bay during 11–16 November 2017. This paper provides a proof of concept, showing that innovative use of acoustics may help fill important observation gaps in the life history of silverfish.

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Advances in upward looking sonar technology for studying the processes of change in Arctic Ocean ice climate

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Observations of supercooled water and frazil ice formation in an Arctic coastal polynya from moorings and satellite imagery

Observations of supercooled water and frazil ice formation in an Arctic coastal polynya from moorings and satellite imagery

Regime shift in Arctic Ocean sea ice thickness

Acoustic deployments reveal Antarctic silverfish under ice in the Ross Sea

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