Advances in vapor compression air source heat pump system in cold regions: A review

Zhang, Long; Jiang, Yiqiang; Dong, Jiankai; Yao, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.009

Cited by 185 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The number of studies on cascade AWHPs for space and hot water heating has increased recently, according to the extensive reviews of Chua et al [20], Willem et al [21] and Zhang et al [22]. However, most of the previous studies focused on the specific aspect of device performance.…”

Section: Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic assessment of cascade air-to-water heat pump retrofitted into residential buildings using experimentally validated simulations

Huang

Shah

et al. 2019

Applied Energy

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Cascade air-to-water heat pumps have better overall efficiency than single-stage airto-water heat pumps when operating at low ambient temperatures for high temperature water supply. While many studies in the literature investigated the specific features of equipment performance of cascade heat pumps, there is little information about retrofit applications of these heat pumps in residential buildings using experimentally validated dynamic building simulations. In this study, the techno-economic assessment of a variable capacity cascade air-to-water heat pump retrofitted into residential buildings is conducted by means of experimentally validated TRNSYS simulations. The cascade heat pump coupled with thermal energy storage operating in different scenarios is further studied. Laboratory and field trial results were obtained to develop and validate a cascade heat pump model integrated with a dynamic building simulation model. Regarding the heat pump system without storage, the predicted annual COPs were almost below 2.5 at ambient temperatures of from-11.2°C to 29.5°C, even the heat pump adopted weather compensation control. Simulation results also indicated that the cascade heat pump could not defeat gas boilers and high-efficiency oil boilers (90%) in terms of operating costs, but there were CO 2 reductions (from 14% to 57%). As for the heat pump coupled with storage, simulation results showed that at ambient temperatures of between-5.6°C and 23.8°C, the continuous coupling between the heat pump and the storage revealed the lowest annual performance (actual COP of 1.41), while the direct heating obtained the highest efficiency (actual COP of 2.12) followed by the load-shifting (actual COP of 1.88).

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Section: Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic assessment of cascade air-to-water heat pump retrofitted into residential buildings using experimentally validated simulations

Huang

Shah

et al. 2019

Applied Energy

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“…For example, changing the estimate of fuel efficiency for natural gas furnaces to 85% adds 0.2% to IRR on HP systems. While many local factors will influence heat pump efficiency, cold-climate performance has notably improved in recent years [75,76]. Furthermore, given that winters are expected to continue warming due to climate change [77][78][79][80][81], seasonal heat pump efficiency will increase and the total need for heating will decrease, suggesting that the PV systems here are oversized for the lifetime of use and thus more expensive than necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economics of Grid-Tied Solar Photovoltaic Systems Coupled to Heat Pumps: The Case of Northern Climates of the U.S. and Canada

Pearce

Sommerfeldt

2021

Energies

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is now a profitable method to decarbonize the grid, but if catastrophic climate change is to be avoided, emissions from transportation and heating must also decarbonize. One approach to renewable heating is leveraging improvements in PV with heat pumps (HPs). To determine the potential for PV+HP systems in northern areas of North America, this study performs numerical simulations and economic analysis using the same loads and climate, but with local electricity and natural gas rates for Sault Ste. Marie, in both Canada and U.S. Ground-mounted, fixed-tilt, grid-tied PV systems are sized to match 100% of electric loads considering cases both with and without air source HPs for residences with natural gas-based heating. For the first time the results show North American residents can profitably install residential PV+HP systems, earning up to 1.9% return in the U.S. and 2.7% in Canada, to provide for all of their electric and heating needs. Returns on PV-only systems are higher, up to 4.3%; however, the PV capacities are less than half. These results suggest northern homeowners have a clear and simple method to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by making an investment that offers a higher internal rate of return than savings accounts, CDs and GICs in both countries. Residential PV and solar-powered heat pumps can be considered 25-year investments in financial security and environmental sustainability.

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“…In terms of system design, the main difference between CAWHPs and single-stage AWHPs is that the former has two refrigerant cycles connected by an intermediate heat exchanger or a middle water loop, whilst the latter has only one refrigerant stage. According to the recent reviews of Chua et al [14] and Zhang et al [15], cascade heat pump systems were first invented by Ma et al [16] in 2001. These cascade heat pumps had a middle water loop to exchange the heat between two refrigerant cycles, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: State Of the Art Of Cascade Air-to-water Heat Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tariff-based load shifting for domestic cascade heat pump with enhanced system energy efficiency and reduced wind power curtailment

Huang

Wilson

et al. 2020

Applied Energy

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Advances in vapor compression air source heat pump system in cold regions: A review

Cited by 185 publications

References 82 publications

Techno-economic assessment of cascade air-to-water heat pump retrofitted into residential buildings using experimentally validated simulations

Techno-economic assessment of cascade air-to-water heat pump retrofitted into residential buildings using experimentally validated simulations

Economics of Grid-Tied Solar Photovoltaic Systems Coupled to Heat Pumps: The Case of Northern Climates of the U.S. and Canada

Tariff-based load shifting for domestic cascade heat pump with enhanced system energy efficiency and reduced wind power curtailment

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