Advances of nano drug delivery system for the theranostics of ischemic stroke

Abstract

From the global perspective, stroke refers to a highly common cause of disability and death. Ischemic stroke (IS), attributed to blood vessel blockage, preventing the flow of blood to brain, acts as the most common form of stroke. Thus far, thrombolytic therapy is the only clinical treatment for IS with the approval from the FDA. Moreover, the physiology barrier complicates therapeutically and diagnostically related intervention development of IS. Accordingly, developing efficient and powerful curative approaches for IS diagnosis and treatment is urgently required. The advent of nanotechnology has brought dawn and hope to better curative and imaging forms for the management of IS. This work reviews the recent advances and challenges correlated with the nano drug delivery system for IS therapy and diagnosis. The overview of the current knowledge of the important molecular pathological mechanisms in cerebral ischemia and how the drugs cross the blood brain barrier will also be briefly summarized. Graphical Abstract

Perspective insights into hydrogels and nanomaterials for ischemic stroke

“…Moreover, a few transplanted stem cells fail to survive and re-establish synaptic connections partially due to the disruption of post-ischemic normal physiological environment in the brain. In this scenario, biomaterials have shown outstanding properties in acting as adjuvants and supporting structures for drug/factor and cell delivery ( Lv et al, 2022 ; Figure 2 ). Biomaterials used for invasive medical therapy include sterilizable nanoparticles (NPs) and hydrogels ( Rajkovic et al, 2018 ).…”

Harnessing nanobiotechnology for cerebral ischemic stroke management

“…8 Hence, owing to their distinguished characteristics, numerous nano-based drug delivery systems such as liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, nanogels, and inorganic nanoparticles have been investigated to develop treatment or diagnostic strategies for cerebral stroke. 9 The flexibility of nanomaterials enables them to be designed for specific therapeutic targets or modified through various ligands and responsive linkers for intelligent drug delivery, which facilitates their distribution within ischemic sites via striding over the BBB, improving drug accumulation in the brain, and controlling drug release according to the pathological features of ischemic stroke. 10 In recent decades, numerous efforts have been devoted to exploit bioinspired nanocarriers by utilizing natural biological substances or biomimetic components.…”

Modelling of Tungsten (C59W), Osmium (C59Os), and Platinum (C59Pt) Doped Fullerenes for Drug Delivery of Biguanides (BNG) and Metformin (MET): DFT Perspective

“…Therefore, it is inevitable that novel and effective drug delivery systems with enhanced therapeutic capabilities and therapeutic agent efficacy will be developed [12] . Significantly, the recent rapid advancements in nanotechnology have opened up a wide range of intriguing concepts and opportunities for the detection and treatment of diseases [13] . More so, nanostructures have drawn a lot of attention as a result of their ability to specifically target malignant and diabetic cells while sparing healthy cells from harm [14] as transport, solvent, temperature, chemical change, and stimuli‐controlled release are shown to be some common processes to explain the release of therapeutics from nanocarriers in a number of studies.…”

“…[12] Significantly, the recent rapid advancements in nanotechnology have opened up a wide range of intriguing concepts and opportunities for the detection and treatment of diseases. [13] More so, nanostructures have drawn a lot of attention as a result of their ability to specifically target malignant and diabetic cells while sparing healthy cells from harm [14] as transport, solvent, temperature, chemical change, and stimuli-controlled release are shown to be some common processes to explain the release of therapeutics from nanocarriers in a number of studies. Equally, drug delivery methods based on nanoparticles are very effective, precise, and target-specific.…”